Abstract: A method for producing a dehydrogenated product and a coked catalyst, then introducing an oxygen-containing fluid, combusting at least a portion of the coke disposed on the catalyst in the presence of the oxygen-containing fluid to produce a decoked catalyst. An apparatus for introducing fluid into a reactor, comprising a first inlet conduit configured to convey a first gas, a second inlet conduit configured to convey a second gas, and an outlet conduit configured to convey the first gas and the second gas into a reactor, wherein there is an acute angle between a longitudinal axes of the first inlet conduit and a longitudinal axis of the second inlet conduit and an obtuse angle between a longitudinal axis of the outlet conduit and the longitudinal axis of the second inlet conduit and a pre-distributor disposed, in one embodiment on the inner surface, within the first inlet conduit is disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are materials and methods for improved catalytic oligomerization of an ethylene monomer and/or propylene monomer. The present disclosure teaches oligomerizing the ethylene monomer or propylene monomer to produce oligomers. Also described is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising sulfate modified nickel on titanium modified alumina and a surface modification with yttrium (Y) suitable for use in the disclosed oligomerization.

Abstract: A method for producing a dehydrogenated product and a coked catalyst, then introducing an oxygen-containing fluid, combusting at least a portion of the coke disposed on the catalyst in the presence of the oxygen-containing fluid to produce a decoked catalyst. An apparatus for introducing fluid into a reactor, comprising a first inlet conduit configured to convey a first gas, a second inlet conduit configured to convey a second gas, and an outlet conduit configured to convey the first gas and the second gas into a reactor, wherein there is an acute angle between a longitudinal axes of the first inlet conduit and a longitudinal axis of the second inlet conduit and an obtuse angle between a longitudinal axis of the outlet conduit and the longitudinal axis of the second inlet conduit and a pre-distributor disposed, in one embodiment on the inner surface, within the first inlet conduit is disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are materials and methods for improved catalytic oligomerization of an ethylene monomer and/or propylene monomer. The present disclosure teaches oligomerizing the ethylene monomer or propylene monomer to produce oligomers. Also described is a heterogeneous catalyst comprising sulfate modified nickel on titanium modified alumina and a surface modification with yttrium (Y) suitable for use in the disclosed oligomerization.

Abstract: Methods for dehydrogenating one or more alkanes. A catalyst can be contacted with an alkane under a pressure of less than 101 kPa to produce a coked catalyst and a dehydrogenated product. The dehydrogenated product can be separated from the coked catalyst and the coked catalyst can be contacted with a purge fluid to remove at least a portion of any residual alkane, any residual alkene, or a combination thereof from the coked catalyst. The coked catalyst can be contacted with an oxygen-containing fluid and at least a portion of the coke disposed on the catalyst can be combusted in the presence of the oxygen-containing fluid to produce a decoked catalyst. The decoked catalyst can be contacted with a reducing gas to produce a regenerated catalyst and an off-gas. Additional alkane can be contacted with the regenerated catalyst to produce additional dehydrogenated product and additional coked catalyst.