Abstract: A method of producing aluminum chlorohydrate comprises adding small form aluminum metal pellets to a reactant receiving space of a reactor tank to form a pellet bed; adding aqueous hydrochloric acid to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank; and continuously circulating the aqueous hydrochloric acid through the pellet bed. In some embodiments, the continuously circulating aqueous hydrochloric acid dispels reaction gases from the pellet bed. Methods described herein can, in some cases, further comprise consecutively adding additional small form aluminum metal pellets to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank as the small form aluminum metal pellets are consumed in the pellet bed.

Abstract: A ball ramp caliper brake is disclosed. The brake can include a housing having an actuator side with a first pad nearer thereto and a carrier side with a second pad nearer thereto; the actuator side including ball ramps on an inner part, and threaded holes, the carrier side including housing holes therethrough; bolts respectively passing through one of the housing holes and respectively threaded into one of the threaded holes, to thereby compress a respective spring against the first pad; a lever having ball ramps facing the actuator side ball ramps; and a plurality of balls each being between respective ones of the ball ramps; wherein the springs are positioned coplanar with a radial center of the ball ramps, such that force of the springs provides constant compressive load on the ball ramps, and such that the force does not cause the first pad to tip.

Abstract: A multi-disc brake is provided. The brake can include a radial wear pin cartridge for wear indication. The brake can include an integrated water jacket for cooling.

Abstract: A method of producing aluminum chlorohydrate comprises adding small form aluminum metal pellets to a reactant receiving space of a reactor tank to form a pellet bed; adding aqueous hydrochloric acid to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank; and continuously circulating the aqueous hydrochloric acid through the pellet bed. In some embodiments, the continuously circulating aqueous hydrochloric acid dispels reaction gases from the pellet bed. Methods described herein can, in some cases, further comprise consecutively adding additional small form aluminum metal pellets to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank as the small form aluminum metal pellets are consumed in the pellet bed.

Abstract: A multi-disc brake is provided. The brake can include a radial wear pin cartridge for wear indication. The brake can include an integrated water jacket for cooling.

Abstract: A ball ramp caliper brake is disclosed. The brake can include a housing having an actuator side with a first pad nearer thereto and a carrier side with a second pad nearer thereto; the actuator side including ball ramps on an inner part, and threaded holes, the carrier side including housing holes therethrough; bolts respectively passing through one of the housing holes and respectively threaded into one of the threaded holes, to thereby compress a respective spring against the first pad; a lever having ball ramps facing the actuator side ball ramps; and a plurality of balls each being between respective ones of the ball ramps; wherein the springs are positioned coplanar with a radial center of the ball ramps, such that force of the springs provides constant compressive load on the ball ramps, and such that the force does not cause the first pad to tip.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems for more efficient production of aluminum chlorohydrates, where the systems comprise a support element and/or metal catalyst, where the support element is configured to support the metal reagent in the system. Methods for efficient production of aluminum chlorohydrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing aluminum chlorohydrate comprises adding small form aluminum metal pellets to a reactant receiving space of a reactor tank to form a pellet bed; adding aqueous hydrochloric acid to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank; and continuously circulating the aqueous hydrochloric acid through the pellet bed. In some embodiments, the continuously circulating aqueous hydrochloric acid dispels reaction gases from the pellet bed. Methods described herein can, in some cases, further comprise consecutively adding additional small form aluminum metal pellets to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank as the small form aluminum metal pellets are consumed in the pellet bed.

Abstract: A method of producing aluminum chlorohydrate comprises adding small form aluminum metal pellets to a reactant receiving space of a reactor tank to form a pellet bed; adding aqueous hydrochloric acid to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank; and continuously circulating the aqueous hydrochloric acid through the pellet bed. In some embodiments, the continuously circulating aqueous hydrochloric acid dispels reaction gases from the pellet bed. Methods described herein can, in some cases, further comprise consecutively adding additional small form aluminum metal pellets to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank as the small form aluminum metal pellets are consumed in the pellet bed.

Abstract: A multi-disc brake is provided. The brake can include a radial wear pin cartridge for wear indication. The brake can include an integrated water jacket for cooling.

Abstract: A multi-disc brake is provided. The brake can include a radial wear pin cartridge for wear indication. The brake can include an integrated water jacket for cooling.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to nanocomposites of CuO/Cu2O and continuous flow solar reactors. The nanocomposites can be utilized as a photocatalyst and can be incorporated into photoelectrochemical devices. The described devices, systems, and methods can be used for converting CO2 into one or more alcohols and other small organics with the use of solar energy and electricity. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: An electrochemical reactor for use with a liquid electrolyte is capable of generating gaseous products. An electrically conducting porous layer that is hydrophilic on the catalyst side and hydrophobic on the gas side are utilized. These different surface properties promote the transport of product gases formed at the catalyst through the porous layer to the gas side. The catalyst is formed from a hybrid Cu2O—CuBr film that has a high selectivity for ethylene gas from reacting CO2 and water in an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A method of producing aluminum chlorohydrate comprises adding small form aluminum metal pellets to a reactant receiving space of a reactor tank to form a pellet bed; adding aqueous hydrochloric acid to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank; and continuously circulating the aqueous hydrochloric acid through the pellet bed. In some embodiments, the continuously circulating aqueous hydrochloric acid dispels reaction gases from the pellet bed. Methods described herein can, in some cases, further comprise consecutively adding additional small form aluminum metal pellets to the reactant receiving space of the reactor tank as the small form aluminum metal pellets are consumed in the pellet bed.

Abstract: An electrochemical reactor for use with a liquid electrolyte is capable of generating gaseous products. An electrically conducting porous layer that is hydrophilic on the catalyst side and hydrophobic on the gas side are utilized. These different surface properties promote the transport of product gases formed at the catalyst through the porous layer to the gas side. The catalyst is formed from a hybrid Cu2O—CuBr film that has a high selectivity for ethylene gas from reacting CO2 and water in an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to nanocomposites of CuO/Cu2O and continuous flow solar reactors. The nanocomposites can be utilized as a photocatalyst and can be incorporated into photoelectrochemical devices. The described devices, systems, and methods can be used for converting CO2 into one or more alcohols and other small organics with the use of solar energy and electricity. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: The nanocomposites that include CuO/Cu2O are described. The nanocomposites can utilized as a photocatalyst and can be incorporated into photoelectrochemical devices. The described devices, systems, and methods can be used for converting CO2 into one or more alcohols with the use of solar energy and electricity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to nanocomposites of CuO/Cu2O and continuous flow solar reactors. The nanocomposites can be utilized as a photocatalyst and can be incorporated into photoelectrochemical devices. The described devices, systems, and methods can be used for converting CO2 into one or more alcohols and other small organics with the use of solar energy and electricity. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at an improved process for generating heavier hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide and water using tandem photochemical-thermochemical catalysis in a single reactor. Catalysts of the present disclosure can comprise photoactive material and deposits of conductive material interspersed on the surface thereof. The conductive material can comprise Fischer-Tropsch type catalysts.