Abstract: A method of forming a ferrous metal case-hardened layer using additive manufacturing. The method includes delivering, by a material delivery device, a filler material to a surface of a substrate. The substrate includes a first ferrous metal. The filler material includes a second ferrous metal and a carbon-based material. The method also includes directing, by an energy delivery device, an energy toward a volume of the filler material to join at least some of the filler material to the substrate to form a component.

Abstract: A method of forming a ferrous metal case-hardened layer using additive manufacturing. The method includes delivering, by a material delivery device, a filler material to a surface of a substrate. The substrate includes a first ferrous metal. The filler material includes a second ferrous metal and a carbon-based material. The method also includes directing, by an energy delivery device, an energy toward a volume of the filler material to join at least some of the filler material to the substrate to form a component.

Abstract: An example system may include a computing device including a finite element analysis module solving for a finite element model representing a component including a metal or an alloy and including a plurality of respective elements. The finite element analysis module may solve a respective stress St and a respective temperature Tt at each respective element during the predetermined cooling operating. The finite element analysis module may determine a respective impact energy ET based on the temperature Tt and cooling rate, using a predetermined cooling rate-dependent energy relationship that relates a temperature of the metal or the alloy to an impact energy, determine a respective weakness index Wt=[A×ET/St]n (A being a predetermined constant, n being a predetermined real number greater than or equal to 1), and identify a respective element having a minimum weakness index less than a predetermined weakness index threshold as a cracking-prone element.

Abstract: An example system may include a computing device including a finite element analysis module solving for a finite element model representing a component including a metal or an alloy and including a plurality of respective elements. The finite element analysis module may solve a respective stress St and a respective temperature Tt at each respective element during the predetermined cooling operating. The finite element analysis module may determine a respective impact energy ET based on the temperature Tt and cooling rate, using a predetermined cooling rate-dependent energy relationship that relates a temperature of the metal or the alloy to an impact energy, determine a respective weakness index Wt=[A×ET/St]n (A being a predetermined constant, n being a predetermined real number greater than or equal to 1), and identify a respective element having a minimum weakness index less than a predetermined weakness index threshold as a cracking-prone element.

Abstract: A heat treatment method is capable of molding, by mobile quenching of induction quenching, an outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint having excellent strength without forming hardened layers in larger radially-inner portions. Mobile quenching is performed in such a manner that a high-frequency induction heating coil is moved in an axial direction relative to an outer joint member, and thus hardened layers are formed on the roller guide surfaces. Magnetic field line cut-out bodies for cutting out generated magnetic field lines are arranged on the high-frequency induction heating coil. The larger radially-inner portions become an unquenched portion by cutting out the magnetic field lines with the magnetic field line cut-out bodies.

Abstract: Proposed are a heat treatment method capable of molding, by mobile quenching of induction quenching, an outer joint member of a tripod type constant velocity universal joint excellent in a strength thereof without forming hardened layers in larger radially-inner portions, and the outer joint member and the tripod type constant velocity universal joint which are manufactured by the above-mentioned heat treatment method. Mobile quenching is performed in such a manner that a high-frequency induction heating coil (51) is moved in an axial direction relative to an outer joint member (21), and thus hardened layers (S) are formed on the roller guide surfaces (27) of the outer joint member (21).