Abstract: The system automatically or partly automatically coaches and assesses a non-putting golf swing to increase the strength or distance of the swing. Increases are coached in the components of energy generated across specific individual joints of the player's body during the downswing. Increases are also coached in the efficiency at which the generated energy is transmitted to the clubhead. Fast or near-instantaneous feedback is provided to the player, based on measured changes in the components of energy generated in the specific individual joints and on the efficiency at which the generated energy is transmitted to the clubhead. Changes in 3D positions of the player's body segments or joints are tracked by inertial sensors or optical sensors and used in the calculation of the components of energy generated across the specific individual joints utilising an artificial intelligence system.

Abstract: The system analyzes a golf swing, determining individual joint powers generated in a player's body with high levels of accuracy, using inverse dynamics and detailed modelling of the player's body. A depth camera is used to measure body segment shapes and a magnetic motion capture system and 3D force plate system used to measure swing parameters. The system produces an expeditious analysis without the need for highly skilled technical personnel and is suitable for individual coaching and compilation of large golf swing databases.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus and method for measuring or analyzing a golf swing. Measurement or analysis is made relative to energy generation and transfer through a player's body and club. The measurement or analysis data is principally obtained from the player's ground-reaction forces. Processed signals are analyzed with an artificial intelligence system. Ground-reaction forces relate to reaction forces which occur between a standing surface and the player's feet. The apparatus and method measures or analyses a golf swing in an automatic manner or in an automatic and interactive manner.

Abstract: The system analyses a golf swing, determining individual joint powers generated in a player's body with high levels of accuracy, using inverse dynamics and detailed modelling of the player's body. A depth camera is used to measure body segment shapes and a magnetic motion capture system and 3D force plate system used to measure swing parameters. The system produces an expeditious analysis without the need for highly skilled technical personnel and is suitable for individual coaching and compilation of large golf swing databases.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus and method for measuring or analyzing a golf swing. Measurement or analysis is made relative to energy generation and transfer through a player's body and club. The measurement or analysis data is principally obtained from the player's ground-reaction forces. Processed signals are analyzed with an artificial intelligence system. Ground-reaction forces relate to reaction forces which occur between a standing surface and the player's feet. The apparatus and method measures or analyses a golf swing in an automatic manner or in an automatic and interactive manner.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus and method for measuring or analyzing a golf swing. Measurement or analysis is made relative to energy generation and transfer through a player's body and club. The measurement or analysis data is principally obtained from the player's ground-reaction forces. Processed signals are analyzed with an artificial intelligence system. Ground-reaction forces relate to reaction forces which occur between a standing surface and the player's feet. The apparatus and method measures or analyses a golf swing in an automatic manner or in an automatic and interactive manner.

Abstract: A system or apparatus (1) determines movement characteristics of a golf club (19) and ball (13), including spin characteristics of the ball, without addition or detection of marks or markers on the ball. A beam interrupt system measures club movement up to and including impact and ball movement at and following impact. Spin characteristics are determined, including spin components and causes of spin.

Abstract: A method of an apparatus for measuring or determining the movement characteristics of an object uses the detection of changes in beams. A set of beams F1-B1, F2-B2, F3-B3 is disposed in the movement path of the object; at relative angles to each other; and at acute angles to the intended direction of the object. The number of changes in the beams or durations between changes in the beams are recorded. The relative times, durations or differences in relative times, at which different beams of the set are changed are measured. The resulting measurements are associated with the relevant movement characteristics of the object.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) comprises a standing surface (2) for the player; a communication means (27); and a plurality of sensors (11) which are operable to measure force. The standing surface (2) comprises two separate foot platforms (3, 4) for the player's feet. Each foot platform (3, 4) comprises a supporting structure or supporting members where vertical forces are distributed to a plurality of discrete positions (5). The sensors (11) are located at the discrete positions (5) to which the vertical forces are distributed. The sensors (11) are operable to measure vertical forces.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus and method for measuring or analysing a golf swing. Measurement or analysis is made relative to energy generation and transfer through a player's body and club. The measurement or analysis data is principally obtained from the player's ground-reaction forces. Processed signals are analysed with an artificial intelligence system. Ground-reaction forces relate to reaction forces which occur between a standing surface and the player's feet. The apparatus and method measures or analyses a golf swing in an automatic manner or in an automatic and interactive manner.

Abstract: A method of an apparatus for measuring or determining the movement characteristics of an object uses the detection of changes in beams. A set of beams F1-B1, F2-B2, F3-B3 is disposed in the movement path of the object; at relative angles to each other; and at acute angles to the intended direction of the object. The number of changes in the beams or durations between changes in the beams are recorded. The relative times, durations or differences in relative times, at which different beams of the set are changed are measured. The resulting measurements are associated with the relevant movement characteristics of the object.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring or determining spin characteristics of a moving object such as a golf ball (1) is disclosed. The object includes one or more detectable marks (2) or object features. Event characteristics associated with the entry, passage or exit of the marks (2) or object features are detected or recorded at a reference or boundary. Marks are physically effected by heating a region on the surface of the object to a detectably different temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) comprises a standing surface (2) for the player; a communication means (27); and a plurality of sensors (11) which are operable to measure force. The standing surface (2) comprises two separate foot platforms (3, 4) for the player's feet. Each foot platform (3, 4) comprises a supporting structure or supporting members where vertical forces are distributed to a plurality of discrete positions (5). The sensors (11) are located at the discrete positions (5) to which the vertical forces are distributed. The sensors (11) are operable to measure vertical forces.

Abstract: A delivery vehicle is used to deliver oil with or without a marker and is provided with apparatus which includes a reservoir of marker and an injector pump for adding marker to the oil. A controller records the occurrence of an event associated with the depletion of the reservoir which has an upper section, a lower section and a marker level sensor located at a narrow constriction between the two sections. The apparatus includes a blender which causes fluid flow to occur at different rates and is operable so that the slugging effect of marker injection is reduced. The injector pump is arranged to provide a delay prior to each forward or reverse stroke. The memory devices of the controller are locked or sealed so as to deny access to reprogram the controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for adding an additive, such as a marker, to a base fluid, such as oil, includes a blender having a receptacle or diffusion chamber in which mixing of the additive and the base fluid occurs. The additive is injected in discrete amounts. Resistances to fluid flow in the receptacle or chamber cause fluid flow to occur at different rates in order to reduce the slugging effect caused by additive injection in discrete amounts.

Abstract: A lockable valve (7) for a fuel line contains a fuel inlet (2) and fuel outlet (3) which communicates with one another via a passage (6) in which is located a spring-biased piston (15) which is responsive to a pressure change in the fuel line. Associated with the piston (15) is a spring biased plunger (11) which controls a valve (8) to close or restrict the flow of fuel through passage (6). At the other end of the piston (15) is a resetting device (23, 24) which requires an unlocking action before the piston can be extended to withdraw the plunger 11 so as to open the valve. When a fall in pressure is detected by the piston (15), it causes operation of the valve (8) to stop or restrict fuel flow but this operation may only be reversed by the unlocking action.