Abstract: Optically anisotropic spheres that can be used as pixel elements in rotating element displays are fabricated by partially (e.g., hemispherically) coating a plurality of spheres by transfer coating methods. Typically, a monolayer of spaced apart monochromal (e.g., white) spheres is formed on a support surface by, for example, making use of a removable template matrix. Next, a uniform layer of viscous coating material (e.g., black coating) is applied to the monolayer of spheres to transfer at least some of the coating material onto the surface of spheres in a monolayer. The obtained partially coated spheres are optionally cured by a UV or thermal exposure and are then removed from the support substrate. In some embodiments, coating material also provides electrical anisotropy to the spheres. Transfer coating methods result in improved precision of hemispherical coating and allow use of environmentally robust pixel elements.

Abstract: An electro-optic display includes a “matrix” for confining moving elements of the display (e.g., rotating or twisting elements). The matrix (or at least the viewable portions thereof) may have a high reflectivity, comparable to that of white paper. This results in an overall “whiter” or brighter display. The matrix may include channels to facilitate inter-cell fluid transport and high-density element packing. In some cases, the matrix elements provide a hexagonal arrangement of cells for holding the rotating elements. The rotating elements of the display may be electrically and optically anisotropic hemispherically coated spheres. The hemispherical coating typically provides the necessary charge to create electrical anisotropy.

Abstract: Optically anisotropic spheres that can be used as pixel elements in rotating element displays are fabricated by partially (e.g., hemispherically) coating a plurality of spheres by transfer coating methods. Typically, a monolayer of spaced apart monochromal (e.g., white) spheres is formed on a support surface by, for example, making use of a removable template matrix. Next, a uniform layer of viscous coating material (e.g., black coating) is applied to the monolayer of spheres to transfer at least some of the coating material onto the surface of spheres in a monolayer. The obtained partially coated spheres are optionally cured by a UV or thermal exposure and are then removed from the support substrate. In some embodiments, coating material also provides electrical anisotropy to the spheres. Transfer coating methods result in improved precision of hemispherical coating and allow use of environmentally robust pixel elements.

Abstract: A transmissive electro-optic display includes a substantially transparent front plane and back plane element. The back plane element includes a plurality of electrodes distributed in two dimensions on the backplane, each allowing independent control of a discrete region of the display. The front plane element includes at least one electrode disposed opposite the back plane, and is spaced apart from the back plane element by an interior wall defining a plurality of cells therebetween. A plurality of partially conductive and optically anisotropic elements is rotatably disposed in the plurality of cells, together with a dielectric fluid. When an appropriate electric field and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cells, the corresponding anisotropic elements are caused rotate between a “transmissive” state and an “opaque” state.

Abstract: A rotating element display includes a matrix having discrete regions of cells of different sizes occupied by rotatably disposed optically and electrically anisotropic elements (e.g., electrically anisotropic bichromal spheres). The regions of larger cells are occupied by larger rotating elements having a first combination of optical properties while the regions of smaller cells are occupied by smaller elements having a second combination of optical properties. The rotating elements having different combinations of optical properties are separately addressable by electromagnetic signals that cause rotation of selected optically dissimilar elements and create a desired color image. In a different aspect, a rotating element display includes a plurality of optically anisotropic rotatable elements occupying cells of a transparent matrix, in a configuration where a background color is viewable through the matrix.

Abstract: An electro-optic display includes a “matrix” for confining moving elements of the display (e.g., rotating or twisting elements). The matrix (or at least the viewable portions thereof) may have a high reflectivity, comparable to that of white paper. This results in an overall “whiter” or brighter display. The matrix may include channels to facilitate inter-cell fluid transport and high-density element packing. In some cases, the matrix elements provide a hexagonal arrangement of cells for holding the rotating elements. The rotating elements of the display may be electrically and optically anisotropic hemispherically coated spheres. The hemispherical coating typically provides the necessary charge to create electrical anisotropy.

Abstract: An electro-optic display includes a “matrix” for confining moving elements of the display (e.g., rotating or twisting elements). The matrix (or at least the viewable portions thereof) may have a high reflectivity, comparable to that of white paper. This results in an overall “whiter” or brighter display. The matrix may include channels to facilitate inter-cell fluid transport and high-density element packing. In some cases, the matrix elements provide a hexagonal arrangement of cells for holding the rotating elements. The rotating elements of the display may be electrically and optically anisotropic hemispherically coated spheres. The hemispherical coating typically provides the necessary charge to create electrical anisotropy.

Abstract: A rotating element display includes a matrix having discrete regions of cells of different sizes occupied by rotatably disposed optically and electrically anisotropic elements (e.g., electrically anisotropic bichromal spheres). The regions of larger cells are occupied by larger rotating elements having a first combination of optical properties while the regions of smaller cells are occupied by smaller elements having a second combination of optical properties. The rotating elements having different combinations of optical properties are separately addressable by electromagnetic signals that cause rotation of selected optically dissimilar elements and create a desired color image. In a different aspect, a rotating element display includes a plurality of optically anisotropic rotatable elements occupying cells of a transparent matrix, in a configuration where a background color is viewable through the matrix.

Abstract: A transmissive electro-optic display includes a substantially transparent front plane and back plane element. The back plane element includes a plurality of electrodes distributed in two dimensions on the backplane, each allowing independent control of a discrete region of the display. The front plane element includes at least one electrode disposed opposite the back plane, and is spaced apart from the back plane element by an interior wall defining a plurality of cells therebetween. A plurality of partially conductive and optically anisotropic elements is rotatably disposed in the plurality of cells, together with a dielectric fluid. When an appropriate electric field and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cells, the corresponding anisotropic elements are caused rotate between a “transmissive” state and an “opaque” state.

Abstract: A method for partially coating a structure having one or more small protruding features is provided. The method includes: (a) providing a structure comprising a base and a protruding feature attached to the base of the structure, the feature having a diameter or width of about 1 mm or less; (b) contacting the protruding feature with a substantially uniform layer of viscous coating material, the layer having a pre-determined thickness, to transfer at least some of the coating material from the layer of coating material to the protruding feature, without contacting the base of the structure with the layer of viscous coating material; and (c) separating the structure from the layer of coating material to form a substantially uniformly coated protruding feature, wherein the coating occupies a desired pre-determined area on the feature.

Abstract: An electro-optic display includes a “matrix” for confining moving elements of the display (e.g., rotating or twisting elements). The matrix (or at least the viewable portions thereof) may have a high reflectivity, comparable to that of white paper. This results in an overall “whiter” or brighter display. The matrix may include channels to facilitate inter-cell fluid transport and high-density element packing. In some cases, the matrix elements provide a hexagonal arrangement of cells for holding the rotating elements. The rotating elements of the display may be electrically and optically anisotropic hemispherically coated spheres. The hemispherical coating typically provides the necessary charge to create electrical anisotropy.

Abstract: A method and system for connecting and using a circuit board connected to a conductive element is disclosed. The circuit board includes a backstop and a plurality of conductive traces positioned on an edge. The conductive element includes a plurality of conductive layers and a plurality of insulating layers alternately placed along the length of the conductive element. The conductive element is placed between the edge of the circuit board having the conductive traces and a clasp prior to inserting the circuit board into the clasp. The conductive element is conformed between the circuit board and the clasp. Each conductive trace contacts a conductive layer as a result of the insertion. The backstop conforms an extending portion of the conductive element to be substantially perpendicular to the circuit board. The assembled device can be used to provide charge to a plurality of electrodes on a substrate simultaneously.

Abstract: An islanded pattern for printing to a writeable media is disclosed. The islanded pattern includes a plurality of conductive islands arranged in columns. Islands in a first column are offset by a substantially uniform, non-zero stagger distance from islands in a second column that is an odd number of columns away from the first column. Islands in a first column possess a substantially identical arrangement to islands in a second column that is an even number of columns away from the first column. A distance substantially equal to the stagger distance may separate islands within a column. Each island may possess a height and width substantially equal to the stagger distance. Writeable media and display devices incorporating the islanded pattern are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for connecting and using a circuit board connected to a conductive element is disclosed. The circuit board includes a backstop and a plurality of conductive traces positioned on an edge. The conductive element includes a plurality of conductive layers and a plurality of insulating layers alternately placed along the length of the conductive element. The conductive element is placed between the edge of the circuit board having the conductive traces and a clasp prior to inserting the circuit board into the clasp. The conductive element is conformed between the circuit board and the clasp. Each conductive trace contacts a conductive layer as a result of the insertion. The backstop conforms an extending portion of the conductive element to be substantially perpendicular to the circuit board. The assembled device can be used to provide charge to a plurality of electrodes on a substrate simultaneously.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading thin-walled, elastic, tubular members having a single closed end, such as finger cots, condoms, balloons or the like, onto elongated rod or finger elements for subsequent placement onto a mandrel for processing or testing, where the tubular member is drawn in inverted manner onto the finger elements by suction and where separable finger element alignment blocks are provided to properly align and position the finger elements to receive the tubular member.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading thin-walled, elastic, tubular members having a single closed end, such as finger cots, condoms, balloons or the like, onto elongated rod or finger elements for subsequent placement onto a mandrel for processing or testing, where the tubular member is drawn in inverted manner onto the finger elements by suction and where separable finger element alignment blocks are provided to properly align and position the finger elements to receive the tubular member.

Abstract: An apparatus for handling and orienting elastic, thin-walled, tubular members having a closed end and an open end, such as finger cots, such that all tubular members are delivered in the same orientation, the apparatus having a retrieval conduit, a delivery conduit angularly joined to the retrieval conduit, a reversing chamber extending linearly forward from the retrieval conduit and across the opening to the delivery conduit, and suction means to draw the tubular members through the retrieval and delivery conduits. A tubular member traveling in the forward orientation with the closed end forward will be drawn directly into the delivery conduit, while a tubular member traveling in the reverse orientation with the open end forward will first pass the opening to the delivery conduit and strike the barrier end wall of the reversing chamber, and then be drawn into the delivery conduit with the closed end forward.

Abstract: An apparatus for handling and orienting elastic, thin-walled, tubular members having a closed end and an open end, such as finger cots, such that all tubular members are delivered in the same orientation, the apparatus having a retrieval conduit, a delivery conduit angularly joined to the retrieval conduit, a reversing chamber extending linearly forward from the retrieval conduit and across the opening to the delivery conduit, and suction means to draw the tubular members through the retrieval and delivery conduits. A tubular member traveling in the forward orientation with the closed end forward will be drawn directly into the delivery conduit, while a tubular member traveling in the reverse orientation with the open end forward will first pass the opening to the delivery conduit and strike the barrier end wall of the reversing chamber, and then be drawn into the delivery conduit with the closed end forward.