Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multiphoton imaging method. The method includes a) immersing a semi-submersible microscope objective in a liquid medium that is at least one of scattering or absorbing; b) directing laser light through the semi-submersible microscope objective and into the liquid medium in an image-wise manner under conditions such that multiphoton absorption by the multiphoton absorber occurs, and at least partial polymerization of the polymerizable compound occurs resulting in an article; and c) removing uncured polymerizable compound to clean the article. The liquid medium includes a polymerizable compound, a secondary component, and a multiphoton absorber. An article is also provided. The article includes a material defining one or more tortuous or arcuate channels, one or more internal architectural voids, one or more undercuts, one or more perforations, or combinations thereof, at least one of which exhibits a surface roughness of 1.0 micrometer Ra or less.

Abstract: A semi-submersible microscope objective includes a microscope objective having a protective barrel with an optical inlet and optical outlet, and a protective element affixed to the microscope objective, sealing the optical exit but not the optical inlet. A transparent portion of the protective element is aligned with the optical exit. The protective element is separable from the microscope objective without damaging the microscope objective. Use of the semi-submersible microscope objective in a multiphoton imaging method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a structure includes disposing a liquid photoreactive composition on a substrate, exposing a portion of the liquid photoreactive composition to laser light of sufficient intensity and wavelength to cause polymerization via two-photon excitation of the two-photon sensitizer and polymerization of a portion of the liquid photoreactive composition thereby providing an exposed composition; and developing the exposed composition to provide the structure. The liquid composition includes: at least one cationically polymerizable polyepoxide; at least one compound comprising free-radically polymerizable groups; an effective amount of a two-photon photoinitiator system, wherein the weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) is from 25:75 to 75:25, inclusive. The two-photon photoinitiator system includes a two-photon sensitizer and an aromatic onium salt. The liquid photoreactive composition may contain less than about one percent by weight of organic solvent.

Abstract: A semi-submersible microscope objective includes a microscope objective having a protective barrel with an optical inlet and optical outlet, and a protective element affixed to the microscope objective, sealing the optical exit but not the optical inlet. A transparent portion of the protective element is aligned with the optical exit. The protective element is separable from the microscope objective without damaging the microscope objective. Use of the semi-submersible microscope objective in a multiphoton imaging method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A semi-submersible microscope objective (100) includes a microscope objective having a protective barrel (120) with an optical inlet (122) and optical outlet (124), and a protective element (130) affixed to the microscope objective, sealing the optical outlet (124) but not the optical inlet (122). A transparent portion (132) of the protective element is aligned with the optical exit (124). The protective element is separable from the microscope objective without damaging the microscope objective. Use of the semi-submersible microscope objective in a multiphoton imaging method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a structure includes disposing a liquid photoreactive composition on a substrate, exposing a portion of the liquid photoreactive composition to laser light of sufficient intensity and wavelength to cause polymerization via two-photon excitation of the two-photon sensitizer and polymerization of a portion of the liquid photoreactive composition thereby providing an exposed composition; and developing the exposed composition to provide the structure. The liquid composition includes: at least one cationically polymerizable polyepoxide; at least one compound comprising free-radically polymerizable groups; an effective amount of a two-photon photoinitiator system, wherein the weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) is from 25:75 to 75:25, inclusive. The two-photon photoinitiator system includes a two-photon sensitizer and an aromatic onium salt. The liquid photoreactive composition may contain less than about one percent by weight of organic solvent.

Abstract: A semi-submersible microscope objective (100) includes a microscope objective having a protective barrel (120) with an optical inlet (122) and optical outlet (124), and a protective element (130) affixed to the microscope objective, sealing the optical outlet (124) but not the optical inlet (122). A transparent portion (132) of the protective element is aligned with the optical exit (124). The protective element is separable from the microscope objective without damaging the microscope objective. Use of the semi-submersible microscope objective in a multiphoton imaging method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to multiphoton absorption methods for curing a photocurable composition under conditions wherein negative contrast occurs. The photocurable composition includes a free-radically polymerizable compound. The method is applicable to fabrication of structures with micron-scale dimensions or less.

Abstract: An exposure system includes a light source emitting a beam along an optical axis that is capable of inducing a multi-photon reaction in a resin. The exposure system further includes a resin undergoing multiphoton reaction, as well as an automated system including a monitor that measures at least one property of the beam selected from power, pulse length, shape, divergence, or position in a plane normal to the optical axis. The monitor generates at least one signal indicative of the property of the beam, and a sub-system adjusts the beam in response to the signal from the monitor.

Abstract: A virtual image (VI) device displays an image that appears to lie above or below the plane of the device. A method of manufacturing a VI display device includes calculating an initial VI flux pattern based on an object and then fabricating a substrate having a VI array pattern based on the initial VI flux pattern. A plurality of lenses may then be applied over the VI array pattern. The VI substrate may be static or dynamic, and may show grey scale information. A photomask may be used as an intermediate element in the manufacture of the VI substrate, or may act as the VI substrate itself. A method of producing the initial VI flux pattern includes virtually tracing rays generated by different points of the object to an image plane and ii) summing the rays from the different points. The rays may be traced through a lens array.

Abstract: An exposure system includes a light source emitting a beam along an optical axis that is capable of inducing a multi-photon reaction in a resin. The exposure system further includes a resin undergoing multiphoton reaction, as well as an automated system including a monitor that measures at least one property of the beam selected from power, pulse length, shape, divergence, or position in a plane normal to the optical axis. The monitor generates at least one signal indicative of the property of the beam, and a sub-system adjusts the beam in response to the signal from the monitor.

Abstract: An exposure system includes a light source emitting a beam along an optical axis that is capable of inducing a multi-photon reaction in a resin. The exposure system further includes a resin undergoing multiphoton reaction, as well as an automated system including a monitor that measures at least one property of the beam selected from power, pulse length, shape, divergence, or position in a plane normal to the optical axis. The monitor generates at least one signal indicative of the property of the beam, and a sub-system adjusts the beam in response to the signal from the monitor.

Abstract: A sheeting and a method of forming a sheeting from a master tool are described where the sheeting has a composite image that floats above or below the sheeting. The method includes providing a first sheeting comprising a first array of microlenses and a photopolymerizable first material layer adjacent to the first array of microlenses. Another step is exposing the first sheeting to a radiation source to form a master tool comprising a plurality of polymerized first structured areas in the first material layer, wherein at least some of the first structured areas include a portion shape in common with at least some of the first structured areas and wherein each first structured area is associated with one of the first array of microlenses. Yet another step is replicating the plurality of first structured areas using a substance that conforms to the plurality of structured areas to form a second material layer having a plurality of replicated structured areas.

Abstract: A method includes scanning a radiation beam with respect to a multi-photon curable photoreactive composition. The radiation beam includes a power sufficient to at least partially cure a volume of the multiphoton curable photoreactive composition. The method further includes modifying a characteristic of the radiation beam as the radiation beam is scanned.

Abstract: A system comprising a substrate having thereon a multiphoton curable photoreactive composition, a light source that emits a light beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths onto at least one region of the composition on the substrate, and a detector that detects a portion of light reflected from the composition to obtain a location signal with respect to the substrate, wherein the location signal is based at least on a wavelength of the reflected light.

Abstract: A virtual image (VI) device displays an image that appears to lie above or below the plane of the device. A method of manufacturing a VI display device includes calculating an initial VI flux pattern based on an object and then fabricating a substrate having a VI array pattern based on the initial VI flux pattern. A plurality of lenses may then be applied over the VI array pattern. The VI substrate may be static or dynamic, and may show grey scale information. A photomask may be used as an intermediate element in the manufacture of the VI substrate, or may act as the VI substrate itself. A method of producing the initial VI flux pattern includes virtually tracing rays generated by different points of the object to an image plane and ii) summing the rays from the different points. The rays may be traced through a lens array.

Abstract: A virtual image display device has a lens array and a virtual image substrate disposed behind the lens array. The virtual image substrate is provided with a virtual image pattern registered to lenses of the lens array. In some embodiments the virtual image pattern can include grey scale information, where the grey scale information includes information in at least one of color and shape. In a static virtual image substrate, the virtual image information can include pixels of at least two different colors. An optical mask can have a virtual image pattern arranged so that a virtual image of an object appears to a viewer when a lens array is applied to the mask. In other embodiments, an optical mask can include an intermediate virtual image pattern containing information for manufacturing a virtual image substrate.

Abstract: An exposure system includes a light source emitting a beam along an optical axis that is capable of inducing a multi-photon reaction in a resin. The exposure system further includes a resin undergoing multiphoton reaction, as well as an automated system including a monitor that measures at least one property of the beam selected from power, pulse length, shape, divergence, or position in a plane normal to the optical axis. The monitor generates at least one signal indicative of the property of the beam, and a sub-system adjusts the beam in response to the signal from the monitor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making an organic electronic device and articles.

Abstract: A sheeting and a method of forming a sheeting from a master tool are described where the sheeting has a composite image that floats above or below the sheeting. The method includes providing a first sheeting comprising a first array of microlenses and a photopolymerizable first material layer adjacent to the first array of microlenses. Another step is exposing the first sheeting to a radiation source to form a master tool comprising a plurality of polymerized first structured areas in the first material layer, wherein at least some of the first structured areas include a portion shape in common with at least some of the first structured areas and wherein each first structured area is associated with one of the first array of microlenses. Yet another step is replicating the plurality of first structured areas using a substance that conforms to the plurality of structured areas to form a second material layer having a plurality of replicated structured areas.