Abstract: A detection system can include a device, a circuit, and at least one indicator. The device can include polymer needle having a distal end and a proximal end. A needle lumen can be extended along a longitudinal axis of the polymer needle. The distal end can include an insertion tip. An elongate sleeve can include a first end and a second end. The polymer needle can be located within an inner bore of the elongate sleeve. The insertion tip of the polymer needle can be disposed at a distance from the elongate sleeve. A first electrode can be coupled to the device and a second electrode can be electrically isolated from the first electrode. The circuit can be configured to provide a signal based on an electrical characteristic between the first electrode and the second electrode. At least one indicator can be communicatively coupled to the circuit and configured to provide an output based on the signal.

Abstract: A device includes an elongate leg, a guard, and a fluid discharge nozzle. The elongate leg has a longitudinal axis. The elongate leg has a first end and a second end. The first end is configured to couple with a craniotome wherein the longitudinal axis is aligned substantially parallel with a cutter axis of the craniotome. The guard is coupled to the second end and has a surface configured to engage with a tissue. The guard is configured to preclude contact of tissue with an end of a cutter of the craniotome. The fluid discharge nozzle is coupled to the guard and configured to direct an ejected fluid that targets separation the dura and the cranium ahead of the cutter to remove dura from a cutting path of the cutter.

Abstract: A detection system can include a device, a circuit, and at least one indicator. The device can include polymer needle having a distal end and a proximal end. A needle lumen can be extended along a longitudinal axis of the polymer needle. The distal end can include an insertion tip. An elongate sleeve can include a first end and a second end. The polymer needle can be located within an inner bore of the elongate sleeve. The insertion tip of the polymer needle can be disposed at a distance from the elongate sleeve. A first electrode can be coupled to the device and a second electrode can be electrically isolated from the first electrode. The circuit can be configured to provide a signal based on an electrical characteristic between the first electrode and the second electrode. At least one indicator can be communicatively coupled to the circuit and configured to provide an output based on the signal.