Abstract: Various embodiments include apparatus and methods of forming an apparatus using a solution shearing process. An example method includes providing a shearing blade on a portion of a substrate coated with a polymeric conductor material and controlling generation of a transparent and conductive polymer film on the substrate by moving the shearing blade in a direction, to generate shear stress to the polymeric conductor material, and according to shearing deposition parameters.

Abstract: A functionalized conjugated polymer comprising alternating copolymer donor and acceptor units in which at least one of the donor and acceptor units comprises a linking group and a functional group attached to the linking group. The linking group may comprise an alkyl group. The functional group may comprise one or more carboxyl, halogen (such as fluorine and chlorine), hydroxyl, carbonate, imino, cyano, nitro, amine, and amide functional groups. More than one functional group may be present for each linking group. Not every copolymer unit need have a linked functional group. The linking group may be attached to either or both of the donor and acceptor units. The functional group may terminate the linking group.

Abstract: A process for forming an arylamine compound, including reacting an arylamine and an aryl halide in the presence of a palladium ligated catalyst, a base and a suitable solvent in a microreactor.

Abstract: A process for forming an arylamine compound, including reacting an arylamine and an aryl halide in the presence of a palladium ligated catalyst, a base and a suitable solvent in a microreactor.