Abstract: A system for the passive location of non-cooperating vehicles using satellite-based transmitters with ionospheric compensation. The system is a light-weight, low-cost, portable, and field-deployable station to supplement deficiencies in the National Airspace System (NAS) and homeland security surveillance networks. The system accommodates observation modes having long “integration” times that potentially are greater than one second. The system utilizes satellite-based transmitters as illuminators. The passive system measures two radio waves (e.g., a direct path and an illumination plus reflection path), and applies time-difference techniques that can compensate for the ionosphere since the ionospheric delay is applied to both signals. This also has the advantage of compensating for other uncertainties such as exist in the position of the satellite.

Abstract: Impedance-matched output driver circuits include a first totem pole driver stage and a second totem pole driver stage. The first totem pole driver stage includes at least one PMOS pull-up transistor and at least one NMOS pull-down transistor therein responsive to a first pull-up signal and a first pull-down signal, respectively. The second totem pole driver stage has at least one NMOS pull-up transistor and at least one PMOS pull-down transistor therein responsive to a second pull-up signal and second pull-down signal, respectively. The linearity of the output driver circuit is enhanced by including a first resistive element that extends between the first and second totem pole driver stages.

Abstract: Impedance-matched output driver circuits include a first totem pole driver stage and a second totem pole driver stage. The first totem pole driver stage includes at least one PMOS pull-up transistor and at least one NMOS pull-down transistor therein that are responsive to a first pull-up signal and a first pull-down signal, respectively. The second totem pole driver stage has at least one NMOS pull-up transistor and at least one PMOS pull-down transistor therein that are responsive to a second pull-up signal and second pull-down signal, respectively. The linearity of the output driver circuit is enhanced by including a first resistive element that extends between the first and second totem pole driver stages.