Abstract: Computationally efficient DTMF detection methods and apparatus are presented that meet all of the ITU recommendations using the modified non-uniform DFT. The system of the present invention employs a high band filter block and two low band filter blocks to detect power at the 8 DTMF tones. The frame length of the high band filter blocks is one half the length of the low band filter blocks. The frame lengths are chosen to meet the ITU frequency selectivity requirements for all DTMF frequencies. The frames of the two low band filter blocks are staggered to produce outputs alternately, and are aligned with respect to the frame of the high band filter block to produce low band filter block outputs that coincided with the high band filter block outputs without the need for signal buffering. A system of power level tests are employed in conjunction with a system of timing tests to ensure that all ITU timing and frequency constraints are met.

Abstract: An Automatic Gain Control System for voice codecs used in a digital wireless handset or in any other environment where there is a large amount of background noise. The invention utilizes the processing power available in Digital Signal Processor 111 to adaptively adjust the gain of amplifier 202 and filter 205 in the transmit channel to eliminate audio distortion in a “loud talker” environment. The gain correction information is transmitted by the DSP 111 to the digital filter and PCM I/O block 204 in the 3 unused bits of the 16 bit PCM data word thus eliminating any additional connections.

Abstract: Computationally efficient DTMF detection methods and apparatus are presented that meet all of the ITU recommendations using the modified non-uniform DFT. The system of the present invention employs a high band filter block and two low band filter blocks to detect power at the 8 DTMF tones. The frame length of the high band filter blocks is one half the length of the low band filter blocks. The frame lengths are chosen to meet the ITU frequency selectivity requirements for all DTMF frequencies. The frames of the two low band filter blocks are staggered to produce outputs alternately, and are aligned with respect to the frame of the high band filter block to produce low band filter block outputs that coincided with the high band filter block outputs without the need for signal buffering. A system of power level tests are employed in conjunction with a system of timing tests to ensure that all ITU timing and frequency constraints are met.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a first conductive layer disposed outwardly from a semiconductor substrate and comprising a first plate and a second plate. The capacitor also includes a first via layer disposed outwardly from the first conductive layer and comprising a first via coupled to the first plate and a second via coupled to the second plate. The first and second vias are separated by a dielectric and are operable to be charged with different potentials to establish a capacitance between the first and second vias. The capacitor further includes a second conductive layer disposed outwardly from the first via layer and comprising a third plate coupled to the first via and a fourth plate coupled to the second via.

Abstract: Computationally efficient DTMF detection methods and apparatus are presented that meet all of the ITU recommendations using the modified non-uniform DFT. The system of the present invention employs a high band filter block and two low band filter blocks to detect power at the 8 DTMF tones. The frame length of the high band filter blocks is one half the length of the low band filter blocks. The frame lengths are chosen to meet the ITU frequency selectivity requirements for all DTMF frequencies. The frames of the two low band filter blocks are staggered to produce outputs alternately, and are aligned with respect to the frame of the high band filter block to produce low band filter block outputs that coincided with the high band filter block outputs without the need for signal buffering. A system of power level tests are employed in conjunction with a system of timing tests to ensure that all ITU timing and frequency constraints are met.

Abstract: There is disclosed an entirely new configuration for a truck for skateboards, roller skates, and the like including a baseplate adapted to be connected to the underside of a skate, an elongate beam made from a flexible material, one end of the beam being connected to the baseplate and the beam extending at an acute angle relative thereto, and an elongate axle or axle hub rigidly connected to the other end of the beam and extending perpendicular thereto. The baseplate, the beam, and the axle or axle hub are a one-piece assembly made from a plastic material. An axle may extend through the hub for receipt of conventional wheels.