Abstract: Memory devices and systems with programmable refresh order and stagger times are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a memory device includes a first memory bank group and a second memory bank group. The memory device is configured, in response to a refresh command, to perform a first refresh operation on the first memory bank group at a first time and a second refresh operation on the second memory bank group at a second time after the first time. The memory device is further configured to perform, in response to a read or write command, a read or write operation on the first memory bank group, the second memory bank group, or both the first and second memory bank groups after beginning the first refresh operation and before completing the second refresh operation.

Abstract: Memory devices and systems with improved command/address bus utilization are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a memory device comprises a plurality of external command/address terminals and a command decoder. The plurality of external command/address terminals are configured to receive a command as a corresponding plurality of command/address bits. A first set of the command/address bits indicate a read or write operation. A second set of the command/address bits indicate whether to execute a refresh operation. The memory device is configured to, in response to the first set of command/address bits, execute the read or write operation on a portion of a memory array. The memory device is further configured to, in response to the second set of command/address bits, execute the refresh operation to refresh at least one memory bank of the memory array when the second set of command/address bits indicate that the refresh operation should be executed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for on-site remedial soil restortation activity of a work site contaminated with volatile organic compounds. Soil is removed from the ground and hauled to an initial feed hopper whereat it is conveyed to an inlet end of a hollow rotating cylinder having plural flights therein for effecting a moving of the contaminated soil lengthwise of the rotating cylinder toward an outlet end. The soil is heated as it tumbles about in the cylinder and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are volatilized inside the rotating cylinder. The soil exiting the outlet end of the cylinder is thence recirculated through the rotating cylinder and thereafter fed to a conveying mechanism, whereat the cleaned soil is delivered to a selected location. The hot gases are scrubbed to remove therefrom any organics, acids and phosgenes and, if present, soil fines. The now cleansed gases are thereafter allowed to escape into the atmosphere as clean air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for on-site remedial soil restoration activity of a work site contaminated with volatile organic compounds. Soil is removed from the ground and hauled to an initial feed hopper whereat it is conveyed to an inlet end of a hollow rotating cylinder having plural flights therein for effecting a moving of the contaminated soil lengthwise of the rotating cylinder toward an outlet end. The soil is heated as it tumbles about in the cylinder and the volatile orgainc compounds (VOCs) are volatilized inside the rotating cylinder. The hot gases drawn from the cylinder are filtered for the purpose of removing dry soil fines. The soil exiting the outlet end of the cylinder is then recirculated through the rotating cylinder and thereafter fed to a conveying mechanism, whereat the cleaned soil is delivered to a selected location. The cleaned soil is then placed into the ground. The hot gases are scrubbed to remove therefrom any organics, acids and phosgenes.