Abstract: This disclosure describes, in part, systems and techniques for monitoring linkage joints of machines, such as earth-moving machines, using on-board sensors of the machines to identify linkage joints at risk of galling. The systems and techniques involve gathering sensor data and determining a galling risk score for each linkage joint. The galling risk score may then be used to alert an operator and/or maintenance system to determine when to take remedial action and/or perform maintenance while also avoiding costly downtime from galling failures.

Abstract: This disclosure describes, in part, systems and techniques for monitoring linkage joints of machines, such as earth-moving machines, using on-board sensors of the machines to identify linkage joints at risk of galling. The systems and techniques involve gathering sensor data and determining a galling risk score for each linkage joint. The galling risk score may then be used to alert an operator and/or maintenance system to determine when to take remedial action and/or perform maintenance while also avoiding costly downtime from galling failures.

Abstract: A spa is retrofit for use with a heat pump for both heating and cooling the water contained in the spa tub. The heat pump uses the existing water pump of the hydrotherapy system to circulate the water through the heat exchanger of the heat pump.

Abstract: A spa tub includes a control system that operates with a water temperature modification system to stabilize the spa water at a set temperature. In a preferred embodiment, the water temperature modification system is a heat pump. The stabilized temperature provides safety to users of the spa.