Abstract: A method of resurfacing a facet joint with a facet implant system. The facet joint includes a superior facet and an inferior facet that are adjacent to each other and movable with respect to each other. A first facet implant component is provided that has a first visualization marker. The first visualization marker includes a first marker section and a second marker section. The first marker section is oriented at an angle with respect to the second marker section. The first facet implant component between the superior facet and the inferior facet. A location and an orientation of the first facet implant component are determined using an imaging technique that locates the first visualization marker.

Abstract: A method of performing an orthopedic procedure in a sacroiliac region. At least a portion of an undercutting system is inserted at least partially into an aperture in at least one of an ilium and a sacrum. The undercutting system includes an insertion apparatus, a probe assembly and a cutting assembly. The probe assembly is moved with respect to the insertion apparatus from a retracted position to an extended position so that at least a portion of the probe assembly is between the ilium and the sacrum. The probe assembly is manipulated between the ilium and the sacrum. The cutting assembly is moved with respect to the insertion apparatus from a refracted position to an extended position so that at least a portion of the probe assembly is between the ilium and the sacrum. The cutting assembly is manipulated between the ilium and the sacrum to cut tissue between the ilium and the sacrum.

Abstract: A method of treating a facet joint of a patient. The facet joint has a superior facet with a superior articular face and an inferior facet with an inferior articular face. An implant delivery cannula is used to position a superior resurfacing implant and an inferior resurfacing implant between the superior articular face and the inferior articular face.

Abstract: A method of treating a facet joint of a patient. The facet joint includes a superior articular face and an inferior articular face. An implant is secured to an implant insertion tool by mating a first engagement feature on the implant with a second engagement feature on the implant insertion tool. A distal end of a guide cannula is positioned proximate the facet joint. The guide cannula has an internal passage extending therethrough. The implant slides through the guide cannula passage until the implant passes through a distal end of the guide cannula passage and is at least partially between the superior articular face and the inferior articular face. A force of at least 1 Newton is exerted on the implant insertion tool to separate the first engagement feature and the second engagement feature.

Abstract: A facet implant system for implanting between a superior facet and an inferior facet. The facet implant system includes a first facet implant component and a second facet implant component. The first facet implant component has a first articulating surface and a first engagement surface located opposite the first articulating surface. The first facet implant component has a leading edge and a trailing edge. The first facet implant component has teeth that extend from the first engagement surface. The teeth are arranged in a plurality of rows and wherein teeth in adjacent rows are offset from each other. The second facet implant component has a second articulating surface and a second engagement surface located opposite the second articulating surface. The second facet implant component has teeth that extend from the second engagement surface.

Abstract: A method of performing an orthopedic procedure in a sacroiliac region. At least a portion of an undercutting system is inserted at least partially into an aperture in at least one of an ilium and a sacrum. The undercutting system includes an insertion apparatus, a probe assembly and a cutting assembly. The probe assembly is moved with respect to the insertion apparatus from a retracted position to an extended position so that at least a portion of the probe assembly is between the ilium and the sacrum. The probe assembly is manipulated between the ilium and the sacrum. The cutting assembly is moved with respect to the insertion apparatus from a refracted position to an extended position so that at least a portion of the probe assembly is between the ilium and the sacrum. The cutting assembly is manipulated between the ilium and the sacrum to cut tissue between the ilium and the sacrum.

Abstract: An undercutting system for preparing a region between an ilium and a sacrum for sacroiliac fusion. The undercutting system includes a probe assembly and a cutting assembly. The probe assembly is operably mounted to the insertion apparatus. The probe assembly is moveable with respect to the insertion apparatus between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. In the extended configuration at least a portion of the probe assembly extends laterally from the insertion apparatus. The cutting assembly is operably mounted with respect to the probe assembly and the insertion apparatus. The cutting assembly is movable with respect to the insertion apparatus between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. In the extended configuration at least a portion of the cutting assembly extends laterally from the insertion apparatus.

Abstract: An undercutting system for preparing a region between an ilium and a sacrum for sacroiliac fusion. The undercutting system includes an insertion apparatus, a probe assembly and a cutting assembly. The probe assembly is operably mounted to the insertion apparatus. The probe assembly is moveable with respect to the insertion apparatus between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. In the extended configuration at least a portion of the probe assembly extends from the insertion apparatus. The cutting assembly is operably mounted with respect to the probe assembly and the insertion apparatus. The cutting assembly is movable with respect to the insertion apparatus between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. In the extended configuration at least a portion of the cutting assembly extends from the insertion apparatus.

Abstract: An undercutting system for preparing a region between ilium and sacrum for sacroiliac fusion. The undercutting system includes an insertion apparatus and a cutting assembly. The insertion apparatus has an elongate shaft and a rotatable handle. The cutting assembly is operably attached to the insertion apparatus. Rotation of the handle with respect to the shaft causes the cutting assembly to move with respect to the shaft between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. When in the extended configuration, at least a portion of the cutting assembly extends laterally from the shaft.

Abstract: A method of repairing a prior sacroiliac fusion that was not effective at stabilizing a sacroiliac joint. The prior sacroiliac fusion used a first fastening device that extended between an ilium and a sacrum. At least one aperture is formed that at least partially extends through at least one of an ilium and a sacrum. An undercutting system is inserted at least partially into the aperture and is used to cut tissue between the ilium and the sacrum. A second fastening device is inserted into the first aperture to retain the ilium in a stationary position with respect to the sacrum.

Abstract: A method of treating a facet joint of a patient. The facet joint has a superior facet with a superior articular face and an inferior facet with an inferior articular face. An implant delivery cannula is used to position a superior resurfacing implant and an inferior resurfacing implant between the superior articular face and the inferior articular face.

Abstract: A method of resurfacing a facet joint with a facet implant system. The facet joint includes a superior facet and an inferior facet that are adjacent to each other and movable with respect to each other. A first facet implant component is provided that has a first visualization marker. The first visualization marker includes a first marker section and a second marker section. The first marker section is oriented at an angle with respect to the second marker section. The first facet implant component between the superior facet and the inferior facet. A location and an orientation of the first facet implant component are determined using an imaging technique that locates the first visualization marker.

Abstract: A method of treating a facet joint of a patient. The facet joint includes a superior facet having superior articular face and an inferior facet having an inferior articular face. A distal end of an implant delivery cannula is extended between the superior and inferior articular faces. The implant delivery cannula has a channel extending therethrough. An implant is moved through the channel until the implant is between the superior and inferior articular faces while at least a portion of the implant is within the channel. The implant includes a first surface and a second surface. The implant delivery cannula is moved away from the superior and inferior articular faces so that the first surface is adjacent the superior articular face and the second surface is adjacent the inferior articular face.

Abstract: A low friction resurfacing implant system including a first implant component having a first bearing surface and a first engagement surface. The first engagement surface is located opposite the first bearing surface. The first implant component has a leading edge and a trailing edge. The first implant component includes teeth that extend from the first engagement surface. The teeth are arranged in a plurality of rows. The teeth in adjacent rows are offset from each other.

Abstract: A bone screw including a main body portion having a proximal end and a distal end. An external threaded surface and an internal threaded surface are formed on the main body portion. The external threaded surface intersects the internal threaded surface proximate a lower surface of the external threaded surface and a lower surface of the internal threaded surface. A plurality of bone growth apertures is defined on the surface of the main body portion where the external threaded surface and the internal threaded surface are not located. The bone growth apertures comprise between about 10 percent and about 60 percent of the surface of the main body portion.

Abstract: A method of treating a facet joint of a patient. The facet joint includes a superior articular face and an inferior articular face. An implant is secured to an implant insertion tool by mating a first engagement feature on the implant with a second engagement feature on the implant insertion tool. A distal end of a guide cannula is positioned proximate the facet joint. The guide cannula has an internal passage extending therethrough. The implant slides through the guide cannula passage until the implant passes through a distal end of the guide cannula passage and is at least partially between the superior articular face and the inferior articular face. A force of at least 1 Newton is exerted on the implant insertion tool to separate the first engagement feature and the second engagement feature.

Abstract: A low friction resurfacing implant system including a first implant component having a first bearing surface and a first engagement surface. The first engagement surface is located opposite the first bearing surface. The first implant component has a leading edge and a trailing edge. The first implant component includes teeth that extend from the first engagement surface. The teeth are arranged in a plurality of rows. The teeth in adjacent rows are offset from each other.

Abstract: A facet fusion system including a first drill guide, a second drill guide and a facet fusion implant. The first drill guide has a first aperture formed therein. The second drill guide has a second aperture formed therein. A position of the first aperture on the first drill guide is offset from a position of the second aperture on the second drill guide. The facet fusion implant has at least one gripping region and at least one bone growth region. The at least one bone growth region has a diameter that is larger than a diameter of the first aperture and the second aperture.

Abstract: A system for treating a facet joint of a patient including superior and inferior resurfacing devices. The superior device includes a resurfacing body configured to conform to a shape of a superior facet articular face, and the inferior device includes a resurfacing body configured to conform to a shape of an inferior facet articular face. Each resurfacing body exhibits sufficient flexibility to transition from a relatively flat state to an inserted state in which the resurfacing body substantially matches any multi-planar concavities of the corresponding facet articular face in the presence of compressive forces. With this construction, the system is capable of establishing a new sliding interface within the facet joint, and can be inserted on a minimally-invasive basis. The resurfacing bodies can be formed of PEEK, and can include teeth that engage the corresponding facet articular face.

Abstract: An undercutting system for preparing a region between an ilium and a sacrum for sacroiliac fusion. The undercutting system includes a probe assembly and a cutting assembly. The probe assembly is operably mounted to the insertion apparatus. The probe assembly is moveable with respect to the insertion apparatus between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. In the extended configuration at least a portion of the probe assembly extends laterally from the insertion apparatus. The cutting assembly is operably mounted with respect to the probe assembly and the insertion apparatus. The cutting assembly is movable with respect to the insertion apparatus between a retracted configuration and an extended configuration. In the extended configuration at least a portion of the cutting assembly extends laterally from the insertion apparatus.