Abstract: A fiber is made with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer with a phosphoric acid pick-up (APU) in the range of 1-25% (PBI-p fiber). The PBI-p fiber may have a LOI ?50% and/or an initial thermal decomposition temperature in air of ?555° C. A method of making a phosphonated polybenzimidazole fiber comprises the steps of: spinning an untreated PBI resin into a PBI fiber; treating the PBI fiber with phosphoric acid, and thereby obtaining a PBI fiber with 1-25 wt. % phosphoric acid APU.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an advertisement marketplace where buyers and sellers can trade linear mediacast advertisement inventory programmatically at local, national, and/or worldwide levels. The marketplace system may include a seller-controlled marketplace system which connects sellers with buyers and offers revenue management tools for optimizing yields across direct and programmatic channels. The advertisement inventory is bought and sold as canonical inventory units which group similar but discrete advertisement slots together. The marketplace system may include a real-time bidding (RTB) adapter through which digital advertising buyers may place bids for such inventory units using standard protocols utilized in digital RTB systems.

Abstract: A fiber is made with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer with a phosphoric acid pick-up (APU) in the range of 1-25% (PBI-p fiber). The PBI-p fiber may have a LOI?50% and/or an initial thermal decomposition temperature in air of ?555° C. A method of making a phosphonated polybenzimidazole fiber comprises the steps of: spinning an untreated PBI resin into a PBI fiber; treating the PBI fiber with phosphoric acid, and thereby obtaining a PBI fiber with 1-25 wt. % phosphoric acid APU.

Abstract: A nonwoven for use in a thermal liner for protective apparel includes 1-45 wt % of a first inherently heat resistant fiber excluding an aramid, and a balance of a second heat resistant fiber. The nonwoven excludes wool and has a thickness less than 3 mm and a basis weight of less than 2.9 osy (100 gsm). In another embodiment, the insulating layer for protective apparel includes a nonwoven including an inherently flame resistant fiber and fibers being inherently resistant to moisture absorption. The inherently flame resistant fiber is different from said inherently resistant to moisture absorption fiber. The nonwoven has an equivalent or better thermal protective performance (TPP) and a lower basis weight than an industry standard nonwoven consisting of a nonwoven of para-aramids or meta-aramids or a blend of both.

Abstract: A fabric for a thermal protective application includes: 5-40 weight % PBI-p fiber and the balance being conventional fibers, where the fabric has equal or better flame-resistant and/or heat-resistant properties, and a fabric weight less than an equivalent fabric made with a like amount of PBI-s fiber in place of the PBI-p fibers. The fabric for a thermal protective application includes: 5-40 weight % of a blend of PBI-p fiber and PBI-s fiber, and the balance being conventional fibers, where the fabric has equal or better flame-resistant and/or heat-resistant properties and a fabric weight less than an equivalent fabric made with a like amount of PBI-s fiber in place of the PBI-p fibers.

Abstract: A fiber is made with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer with a phosphoric acid pick-up (APU) in the range of 1-25% (PBI-p fiber). The PBI-p fiber may have a LOI?50% and/or an initial thermal decomposition temperature in air of ?555° C. A method of making a phosphonated polybenzimidazole fiber comprises the steps of: spinning an untreated PBI resin into a PBI fiber; treating the PBI fiber with phosphoric acid, and thereby obtaining a PBI fiber with 1-25 wt. % phosphoric acid APU.

Abstract: A method of making a phosphonated polybenzimidazole fiber comprises the steps of: spinning an untreated PBI resin into a PBI fiber; treating the PBI fiber with phosphoric acid, and thereby obtaining a PBI fiber with 1-25 wt. % phosphoric acid APU. A fiber is made with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer with a phosphoric acid pick-up (APU) in the range of 1-25% (PBI-p fiber). The PBI-p fiber may have a LOI?50% and/or an initial thermal decomposition temperature in air of ?555° C.

Abstract: A fabric for a thermal protective application includes: 5-40 weight % PBI-p fiber and the balance being conventional fibers, where the fabric has equal or better flame-resistant and/or heat-resistant properties, and a fabric weight less than an equivalent fabric made with a like amount of PBI-s fiber in place of the PBI-p fibers. The fabric for a thermal protective application includes: 5-40 weight % of a blend of PBI-p fiber and PBI-s fiber, and the balance being conventional fibers, where the fabric has equal or better flame-resistant and/or heat-resistant properties and a fabric weight less than an equivalent fabric made with a like amount of PBI-s fiber in place of the PBI-p fibers.

Abstract: A fiber is made with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer with a phosphoric acid pick-up (APU) in the range of 1-25% (PBI-p fiber). The PBI-p fiber may have a LOI?50% and/or an initial thermal decomposition temperature in air of 555° C. A method of making a phosphonated polybenzimidazole fiber comprises the steps of: spinning an untreated PBI resin into a PBI fiber; treating the PBI fiber with phosphoric acid, and thereby obtaining a PBI fiber with 1-25 wt. % phosphoric acid APU.

Abstract: A flame resistant fabric with tracing yarns includes a flame resistant fabric with a first non-tracing yarn, and a second tracing yarn. The first non-tracing yarn and/or the second tracing yarn include flame resistant fibers being selected from the group consisting of inherently flame resistant fibers and treated fibers. When the flame resistant fabric is exposed to heat, flames, long-term excessive UV light, or the like, the first non-tracing yarn is adapted to hold its color and the second tracing yarn is adapted to change colors.

Abstract: A nonwoven for use in a thermal liner for protective apparel includes 1-45 wt % of a first inherently heat resistant fiber excluding an aramid, and a balance of a second heat resistant fiber. The nonwoven excludes wool and has a thickness less than 3 mm and a basis weight of less than 2.9 osy (100 gsm). In another embodiment, the insulating layer for protective apparel includes a nonwoven including an inherently flame resistant fiber and fibers being inherently resistant to moisture absorption. The inherently flame resistant fiber is different from said inherently resistant to moisture absorption fiber. The nonwoven has an equivalent or better thermal protective performance (TPP) and a lower basis weight than an industry standard nonwoven consisting of a nonwoven of para-aramids or meta-aramids or a blend of both.

Abstract: A nonwoven for use in a thermal liner for protective apparel includes 1-45 wt % of a first inherently heat resistant fiber excluding an aramid, and a balance of a second heat resistant fiber. The nonwoven excludes wool and has a thickness less than 3 mm and a basis weight of less than 2.9 osy (100 gsm). In another embodiment, the insulating layer for protective apparel includes a nonwoven including an inherently flame resistant fiber and fibers being inherently resistant to moisture absorption. The inherently flame resistant fiber is different from said inherently resistant to moisture absorption fiber. The nonwoven has an equivalent or better thermal protective performance (TPP) and a lower basis weight than an industry standard nonwoven consisting of a nonwoven of para-aramids or meta-aramids or a blend of both.

Abstract: A flame resistant fabric with tracing yarns includes a flame resistant fabric with a first non-tracing yarn, and a second tracing yarn. The first non-tracing yarn and/or the second tracing yarn include flame resistant fibers being selected from the group consisting of inherently flame resistant fibers and treated fibers. When the flame resistant fabric is exposed to heat, flames, long-term excessive UV light, or the like, the first non-tracing yarn is adapted to hold its color and the second tracing yarn is adapted to change colors.

Abstract: A nonwoven for use in a thermal liner for protective apparel includes 1-45 wt % of a first inherently heat resistant fiber excluding an aramid, and a balance of a second heat resistant fiber. The nonwoven excludes wool and has a thickness less than 3 mm and a basis weight of less than 2.9 osy (100 gsm). In another embodiment, the insulating layer for protective apparel includes a nonwoven including an inherently flame resistant fiber and fibers being inherently resistant to moisture absorption. The inherently flame resistant fiber is different from said inherently resistant to moisture absorption fiber. The nonwoven has an equivalent or better thermal protective performance (TPP) and a lower basis weight than an industry standard nonwoven consisting of a nonwoven of para-aramids or meta-aramids or a blend of both.

Abstract: A flame resistant fabric with tracing yarns includes a flame resistant fabric with a first non-tracing yarn, and a second tracing yarn. The first non-tracing yarn and/or the second tracing yarn include flame resistant fibers being selected from the group consisting of inherently flame resistant fibers and treated fibers. When the flame resistant fabric is exposed to heat, flames, long-term excessive UV light, or the like, the first non-tracing yarn is adapted to hold its color and the second tracing yarn is adapted to change colors.