Abstract: Blood sample optimization systems and methods are described that reduce or eliminate contaminates in collected blood samples, which in turn reduces or eliminates false positive readings in blood cultures or other testing of collected blood samples. A blood sample optimization system can include a blood sequestration device located between a patient needle and a sample needle. The blood sequestration device can include a sequestration chamber for sequestering an initial, potentially contaminated aliquot of blood, and may further include a sampling channel that bypasses the sequestration chamber to convey likely uncontaminated blood between the patient needle and the sample needle after the initial aliquot of blood is sequestered in the sequestration chamber.

Abstract: A system and method for depth-resolved imaging of fluorophore concentrations in tissue uses a pulsed light source stimulus wavelength to illuminate the tissue; and a time-gated electronic camera such as a single-photon avalanche detector camera to observe the tissue in multiple time windows after start of each light pulse. A filter device is between the tissue and the electronic camera with fluorescent imaging and stimulus wavelength settings. an image processor receives reflectance images and fluorescent emissions images from the time-gated camera and processes these images into depth and quantity resolved images of fluorophore concentrations in the tissue. Then image processor derives a fluorescence lifetime signal from the received temporal fluorescence signals and derives from these fluorescence lifetime signals biochemical property images of the tissue.

Abstract: A Cherenkov imaging system includes a high-speed radiation detector configured to provide a first timing signal synchronized with pulses of radiation to control operation of at least one pulse-gated, multiple-pulse-integrating, (PG-MPI) CMOS camera synchronized through the digital time signal to pulses of the radiation beam source, to image Cherenkov radiation; and a digital image-processing system. The high-speed radiation detector is either a solid-state radiation detector or a scintillator with a photodetector. The system images Cherenkov light emitted by tissue by using a timing signal synchronized to pulses of a pulsed radiation beam to control the PG-MPI camera by integrating light received by the PG-MPI camera during multiple pulses of the radiation beam while excluding light received by the camera between pulses of the radiation beam.

Abstract: A system and method for depth-resolved imaging of fluorophore concentrations in tissue uses a pulsed light source stimulus wavelength to illuminate the tissue; and a time-gated electronic camera such as a single-photon avalanche detector camera to observe the tissue in multiple time windows after start of each light pulse. A filter-changer or tunable filter is between the tissue and the electronic camera with fluorescent imaging settings and a stimulus wavelength setting, and an image processor receives reflectance images and fluorescent emissions images from the time-gated camera and processes these images into depth and quantity resolved images of fluorophore concentrations in the tissue.

Abstract: A surgical specimen imaging system includes a micro-X-ray computed tomography (CT) unit for CT imaging of the specimen and a structured light imaging (SLI) unit for optical imaging at multiple wavelengths, multiple phase offsets, and multiple structured-light pattern periods including unstructured light. The system's image processing unit receives CT and optical images and is configured by firmware in memory to co-register the images and process the optical images to determine texture at multiple subimages of the optical images, determined textures forming a texture map. The texture map is processed by a machine-learning-based classifier to determine a tissue type map of the specimen, and the tissue type map is processed with the CT images to give a 3D tissue-type map. In embodiments, the firmware extracts optical properties including scattering and absorption at multiple wavelengths and the classifier also uses these properties in generating the tissue type map.

Abstract: A system and method for depth-resolved imaging of fluorophore concentrations in tissue uses a pulsed light source stimulus wavelength to illuminate the tissue; and a time-gated electronic camera such as a single-photon avalanche detector camera to observe the tissue in multiple time windows after start of each light pulse. A filter-changer or tunable filter is between the tissue and the electronic camera with fluorescent imaging settings and a stimulus wavelength setting, and an image processor receives reflectance images and fluorescent emissions images from the time-gated camera and processes these images into depth and quantity resolved images of fluorophore concentrations in the tissue.

Abstract: A system for performing radiation treatment of a patient with a proton beam from a particle accelerator uses a high-sensitivity camera to capture dose images of patient surface, a video processor that integrates the dose images, beam-on detection apparatus, and apparatus to eliminate interference of room lighting. In embodiments, the system registers dose images to a surface model of the patient derived from stereo image pairs captured by a stereo camera. In embodiments, the surface model is registered to three-dimensional images of the patient from MRI or CT, and an integrated three-dimensional energy deposition map of the patient is prepared.

Abstract: A system for monitoring radiation treatment images Cherenkov emissions from tissue of a subject. A processor of the system determines densities of a surface layer of the subject from 3D images of the tissue to determine correction factors. The processor uses these factors to correct the Cherenkov images for attenuation of Cherenkov light by tissue, making them proportional to radiation dose. In embodiments, the system obtains reflectance images of the subject, determines second correction factors therefrom, and applies the second correction factors to the Cherenkov emissions images. In embodiments, the corrected images of Cherenkov emissions are compared to dose maps of a treatment plan. A method of correcting Cherenkov emissions images includes determining tissue characteristics from CT or MRI images in a surface volume where Cherenkov is expected, using; imaging Cherenkov emissions; and using the tissue characteristics to correct the images for variations in Cherenkov light propagation through the tissue.

Abstract: An ORIF implant has an electronics module with a stimulus light and optical sensors for sensing fluorescent emissions coupled to a near-field digital radio. The implant is used with a near-field radio to receive a sequence of fluorescent emissions readings from the implant into a processor that fits the sequence of readings to a bone-specific kinetic model that is a superposition of a plug flow model of periosteal perfusion and a two-compartment model of endosteal perfusion of perfusion of bone. A system for use during ORIF surgery has an injector for fluorescent dye, a camera to send a sequence of images of fluorescent emissions from fluorescent dye in a bone of a subject to an image processor when the bone is illuminated with a stimulus light, the processor configured to fit the sequence of images to a model of perfusion of bone.

Abstract: A therapeutic agent has an antineoplastic drug bonded with an X-ray-cleavable bond to cobalt of cobalamin. In embodiments, the drug is doxorubicin, paclitaxel, methotrexate, erlotinib, chlorambucil, dasatinib, SN38, colchicine, or gefitinib; and in embodiments a Cy5 fluorophore bonded to ribose of the cobalamin. The agent is formed by reducing hydroxocobalamin with zinc, reacting with 3-bromopropylamine to form aminopropyl cobalamin; and linking the drug to the aminopropyl cobalamin by conjugation through a hydroxyl group by carbamate formation with 1, 1?-Carbonyl-di-(1,2,4-triazole). An optional Cy5 handle is added by coupling a 5? hydroxyl group of a ribose first with ethylene diamine and then with N-hydroxysuccinimide of Cy5. The agent treats cancer by administration in a dose expected to induce apoptosis in cells of the cancer when the light-cleavable bond is cleaved, the cancer absorbs the agent; and the cancer is exposed to X-ray or visible light to cleave the X-ray-light-cleavable bond.

Abstract: While clinical treatment of actinic keratosis by photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely practiced, there is well-known variability in response, primarily caused by heterogeneous accumulation and PDT-induced photobleaching of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) between patients and between lesions. One of the key factors in regularizing this treatment would be to have an easily accessible indicator of PpIX present in the lesions at the time of light delivery. Described herein, a smartphone-based fluorescence imager was developed to allow simple quantitative photography of the lesions and their PpIX levels.

Abstract: A surgical specimen imaging system includes a micro-X-ray computed tomography (CT) unit for CT imaging of the specimen and a structured light imaging (SLI) unit for optical imaging at multiple wavelengths, multiple phase offsets, and multiple structured-light pattern periods including unstructured light. The system's image processing unit receives CT and optical images and is configured by firmware in memory to co-register the images and process the optical images to determine texture at multiple subimages of the optical images, determined textures forming a texture map. The texture map is processed by a machine-learning-based classifier to determine a tissue type map of the specimen, and the tissue type map is processed with the CT images to give a 3D tissue-type map. In embodiments, the firmware extracts optical properties including scattering and absorption at multiple wavelengths and the classifier also uses these properties in generating the tissue type map.

Abstract: An exercise machine including a hinged frame configured to fold about a hinge axis in a closed position and to unfold to an open position when in use; the hinged frame including a user support platform supported by the hinged frame, a first pair of lateral tracks disposed under the user support platform, a first pulley disposed on a first end of the hinged frame, and a second end opposite from the first end; a first carriage movably coupled to the first pair of lateral tracks; a primary cable having a first cable end coupled to the first carriage, passing through the first pulley, and a second end coupled to a first handle; and a first resistance mechanism configured to elastically resist longitudinal movement of the first carriage by the user, wherein movement of the first handle by the user causes movement of the first carriage and deformation of the first resistance mechanism.

Abstract: An exercise machine including a hinged frame configured to fold about a hinge axis in a closed position and to unfold to an open position when in use; the hinged frame including a user support platform supported by the hinged frame, a first pair of lateral tracks disposed under the user support platform, a first pulley disposed on a first end of the hinged frame, and a second end opposite from the first end; a first carriage movably coupled to the first pair of lateral tracks; a primary cable having a first cable end coupled to the first carriage, passing through the first pulley, and a second end coupled to a first handle; and a first resistance mechanism configured to elastically resist longitudinal movement of the first carriage by the user, wherein movement of the first handle by the user causes movement of the first carriage and deformation of the first resistance mechanism,

Abstract: Optical devices for use with a magnetic resonance imaging breast compression system include light wands and optical adapters that can releasably mate with grids. These devices, and their associated methods, may reduce or eliminate the need for biopsy by allowing for the differentiation of cancerous tumors, non-cancerous tumors, calcifications and cysts.

Abstract: An optical tomography system has a group of lasers for generating light of multiple distinct wavelengths within a first wavelength band. Light from these lasers is directed into mammalian tissue at laser-specific locations on the tissue, and light from the mammalian tissue is collected at a plurality of reception points. Collected light from each reception point is separated according to its wavelength, and received by a photodetector to produce path attenuation signals representing attenuation along paths between the laser-specific locations on the tissue and the reception points. Image construction apparatus generates a tomographic image of heme concentrations in the mammalian tissue from the path attenuation signals. In an alternative embodiment, there is a second group of lasers operating in a second wavelength band, and the image construction apparatus can generate an image of heme oxygenation In the mammalian tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the enhancement of radiation sensitivity by using photodynamic therapy.