Abstract: A tolerance ring is provided with radial projections to achieve unidirectional or bidirectional axial retention, or angular retention relative to at least one abutting cylindrical surface. Spaced tabs, dimples or a continuous flange formed at one or both axial ends of the ring provide the axial retention function by engaging with one or two shoulders on the abutting cylindrical surfaces, and a radially projecting tab at a lateral end of the split ring provide the angular retention function by engaging in a groove in the abutting cylindrical surface. The axial and angular retention projections can project radially inwardly or outwardly depending on the particular application, and the axial and angular retention projections can be used individually or in combination as desired.

Abstract: Improvements to tolerance rings are provided permitting them to be utilized in holding cylindrical members within sheet panels and providing positive axial retention of the ring in the sheet panel; permitting them to be used in centered and half-centered mounting arrangements without requiring the formation of shoulders on the engaged members, but rather through the use of an annular split ring shim; and permitting them to be used to restore the effective diameter of worn parts by providing the ring with a bowed shape.

Abstract: A method of using a tolerance ring in conjunction with a relatively soft material while preventing deformation of the soft material is provided through the use of a split cylinder shim between the tolerance ring and the soft material. This arrangement can be used whether the soft material is surrounded by the tolerance ring, surrounds the tolerance ring or both.