Abstract: An internet-based crowd peer review method employing a user interface in communication through the internet with a peer review application and in which proposed documents are made available to a large group of pre-approved reviewers for simultaneous and rapid peer review and comment. The internet-based crowd peer review method significantly shortens the time for performance and completion of a peer review of a proposed document by imposing, for each proposed document under review, one or more of the following limits or criteria: a maximum time period for accepting reviews of from about 3 days to about 60 days, a minimum quantity of reviewers, a maximum quantity of reviewers, a minimum or maximum quantity of reviewers allowed submit reviewer comments, a maximum time period for accepting revised documents from authors, as well as other factors and criteria set forth herein. One or more of the foregoing limits or criteria may be imposed simultaneously.

Abstract: In order to protect against various load balancing failures, the host selection algorithm on the load balancer can be modified to take into account data available about the state of the entire service and each host server in the cluster. The state can include a number of metrics, including the sampled response time taken by the selected host service. The load balancer can use the state information in order to detect anomalies among the host services. For example, the load balancer can determine that the sampled response time of one host service has deviated by more than a standard deviation limit (or other predetermined threshold) from the sampled response times of the other host services in the cluster. If such an anomaly is detected, the load balancer can take various remedial actions, such as disabling the routing of incoming requests to the potentially faulty host service.

Abstract: A system for producing energetic particles including a housing containing an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is connected to a voltage supply and the cathode is one of a cathode containing an oxide layer and a cathode in the presence of oxygen, said cathode is grounded; a vacuum source connected to the housing for providing a reduced pressure in the housing; and a supply of at least one gas connected to the housing for introducing the at least one gas into the housing containing deuterium and oxygen.

Abstract: A paper-roll core that is a soluble, disposable carrier for cleaning and/or disinfecting chemicals. The paper-roll cores are toilet paper roll cores and paper towel roll cores and are rapidly soluble in water and may release cleansers, disinfectants, colors, etc., upon dissolving. Described are: methods of using, manufacturing, advertising, and distributing the paper-roll cores; and methods of advertising and distributing such paper-roll cores to children, who will particularly enjoy the novelty; and methods of modifying existing paper-roll core manufacturing equipment to manufacture soluble cleanser-dispensing paper-roll cores.