Abstract: A method of manufacturing a preform, the method including positioning at least one glass tube in a glass outer cladding to form a preform precursor, the glass tube comprising a first open end and a second open end, forming a preform from the preform precursor, and thermally treating at least one of the preform precursor and the preform. The thermally treating including sealing the first open end and the second open end of the glass tube to form a closed tube and heating and/or cooling the glass tube to manipulate gas pressure within the closed glass tube.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for aligning webs, such as photographic film or paper, where the trailing edge of an expiring web is spliced to the lead edge of a fresh web. A supporting means having the fresh web thereon in a fixed position is caused to move by sensor means transmitting a signal corresponding to precise positioning of the expiring relative to the fixed position of the fresh web. According to the invention, a programmable controller is used to analyze the signals received from the sensors and directs the movements of the supporting means where the webs are ultimately moved into abutting or overlapping contact and then spliced.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for aligning webs, such as photographic film or paper, where the trailing edge of an expiring web is spliced to the lead edge of a fresh web. A supporting means having the fresh web thereon in a fixed position is caused to move by sensor means transmitting a signal corresponding to precise positioning of the expiring relative to the fixed position of the fresh web. According to the invention, a programmable controller is used to analyze the signals received from the sensors and directs the movements of the supporting means where the webs are ultimately moved into abutting or overlapping contact and then spliced.