Abstract: Information describing one or more items is published to multiple subscribers. A subsequent change to the information requested by one of the multiple subscribers (such as a change in the status of an item corresponding to the information) is communicated to each of subscribers to which the information was previously published.

Abstract: A multi-layer software architecture permits efficient construction of server software applications for many diverse domains. A logic layer contains problem-solving logic that processes client requests for a given problem domain. Separate from the logic layer is a presentation layer that structures replies for return to the clients. The presentation layer is divided into two tiers: presentation tier and a rendering tier. The presentation tier contains code that structures how the responses will appear when presented at the client. The rendering tier contains code that controls how the responses are output to particular clients.

Abstract: A set of pluggable rules are used to define low-level security rules in terms of high-level security concepts. The rules are part of a pluggable module that can interact with a business logic to provide different granularities of control.

Abstract: Form contents are automatically identified and can be included in a form definition. The form contents can include one or more fields to be included on the form and/or one or more restrictions on inputs to a field on the form.

Abstract: A set of pluggable rules are used to define low-level security rules in terms of high-level security concepts. The rules are part of a pluggable module that can interact with a business logic to provide different granularities of control.

Abstract: Information describing one or more items is published to multiple subscribers. A subsequent change to the information requested by one of the multiple subscribers (such as a change in the status of an item corresponding to the information) is communicated to each of subscribers to which the information was previously published.

Abstract: An initial form definition includes one or more custom tags identifying the input field(s) for a form and restriction(s) on inputs to those field(s). An output form definition is generated based on the initial form definition, the output form definition including each of these one or more custom tags as converted to another tag format as well as the validation code corresponding to the indicated restriction(s) on input.

Abstract: A multi-layer software architecture permits efficient and timely construction of processes and server-based software applications for many diverse domains, such as business-oriented domains like asset management, leasing and lending, inventory tracking, and so forth. The architecture is arranged into several hierarchical layers. Layers may be removed, modified, or updated without impacting other layers. This allows the architecture to adapt easily to many different problem domains, to support many different types of client devices, to accommodate many different users in different regions and cultures of the world, and to interface with many diverse resources.

Abstract: A set of one or more attributes of a computer program are automatically identified and an indication of the set is output. These attributes are attributes that are to be input to the computer program by a user and/or attributes that are output by the computer program.

Abstract: A multi-layer software architecture permits efficient construction of server software applications for many diverse domains. A logic layer contains problem-solving logic that processes client requests for a given problem domain. Separate from the logic layer is a presentation layer that structures replies for return to the clients. The presentation layer is divided into two tiers: a presentation tier and a rendering tier. The presentation tier contains code that structures how the responses will appear when presented at the client. The rendering tier contains code that controls how the responses are output to particular clients.

Abstract: A software architecture permits efficient construction of server software applications for many diverse domains. The architecture implements and enforces constraints that customize the behavior of the application. The constraints can be imposed by a variety of sources (e.g., legal, operating company, customers, end users, cultural customs, etc.). A constraint resolver resolves the constraints at run time, or prior to run time, so that the application behaves and appears appropriately for the given set of constraints.

Abstract: A compilation and translation system internationalizes an application authored for one locale for use in other locales. The system automatically extracts locale-sensitive content (e.g., language, regional information, slang, cultural aspects, etc.) from the source code and other locale-independent elements (e.g., formatting data). The extracted content can then be translated for use in the other locales. During runtime, requests from different locales can be served locale-sensitive responses by retrieving the source code and dynamically populating it with the appropriate content for the target locale.