Abstract: The present invention involves controlled atomization of liquids for various applications such as part/droplet seeding for laser-based measurements of flow velocity, temperature, and concentration; flame and a plasma based elemental analysis; nano-powder production; spray drying for generation of small-sized particles; nebulizers in the production of sub-micron size droplets and for atomizing fuel for use in combustion chambers. In these and other atomizer applications the control of droplet and/or particle size is very critical In some applications extremely small droplets are preferred (less than a micron), while in others, droplet diameters on the scale of several microns are required. The present invention has the flexibility of forming droplets within a particular range of diameters, wherein not only the size of the average droplet can be adjusted, but the range of sizes may be adjusted as well. The atomizer (4) itself is in the form of a heated tube (44) having an inlet end (48) and an outlet end (50).

Abstract: A method for tuning input/exhaust primaries in a multi-chamber spark ignition internal combustion engine. This method improves engine performance by correlating the timing of wave pulses in the input or exhaust system to combustion events in the combustion chambers. This has the effect of increasing the volumetric efficiency of the engine, resulting in increased brake specific fuel consumption and increased specific volume output.