Abstract: Vestibular-proprioceptive system training devices and methods of using the same. The vestibular-proprioceptive training device comprises a balance board having an upper surface and an under surface, the upper surface comprising at least one pad, the under surface comprising at least one support pivot located to provide a balance equilibrium position, the at least one pad comprising a volume and formed from a pliant yet substantially fully resilient material. The training devices simultaneously activate the vestibular and proprioceptive system of an individual balancing upon the at least one pad.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and treating neurotrauma-induced damage and cerebrovascular disease are provided herein, the methods including the administration of a safe and effective amount of allantoin to a patient in need thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions including allantoin for the inhibition of the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and for the treatment of neurotrauma-induced damage and cerebrovascular disease.