Abstract: In one form, an optical touch screen system includes a semiconductor body forming a hybrid display and image sensor comprising a plurality of display pixels interspersed with a plurality of image sensor pixels, a spatial light modulator overlying a surface of the hybrid display and image sensor, and a control circuit for driving the plurality of display pixels with a first pattern and measuring a second pattern of the plurality of image sensor pixels, the control circuit analyzing the second pattern to detect a position of an object and selectively detecting a touch location in response to the second pattern.

Abstract: In one form, an optical touch screen system includes a semiconductor body forming a hybrid display and image sensor comprising a plurality of display pixels interspersed with a plurality of image sensor pixels, a spatial light modulator overlying a surface of the hybrid display and image sensor, and a control circuit for driving the plurality of display pixels with a first pattern and measuring a second pattern of the plurality of image sensor pixels, the control circuit analyzing the second pattern to detect a position of an object and selectively detecting a touch location in response to the second pattern.

Abstract: In one form, a touch screen includes an optically transmissive medium, first and second light sources, a detection circuit, and a control circuit. The first light source is positioned to emit light across the optically transmissive medium in a first direction, and the second light source is positioned to emit light across the optically transmissive medium in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The detection circuit detects standing wave patterns of light emitted by the first and second light sources along the first and second directions. The control circuit is coupled to the detection circuit and measures a first standing wave pattern in an untouched condition, and a second standing wave pattern in a touched condition. The control circuit detects a touch location in response to a difference between the first standing wave pattern and the second standing wave pattern.

Abstract: In one form, a touch screen includes an optically transmissive medium, first and second light sources, a detection circuit, and a control circuit. The first light source is positioned to emit light across the optically transmissive medium in a first direction, and the second light source is positioned to emit light across the optically transmissive medium in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The detection circuit detects standing wave patterns of light emitted by the first and second light sources along the first and second directions. The control circuit is coupled to the detection circuit and measures a first standing wave pattern in an untouched condition, and a second standing wave pattern in a touched condition. The control circuit detects a touch location in response to a difference between the first standing wave pattern and the second standing wave pattern.

Abstract: Image sensors may include an array of photodiodes arranged in groups of adjacent photodiodes that generate charge in response to same-colored light. The image sensor may generate high-dynamic-range (HDR) images. To establish an effective exposure ratio between sets of photodiodes on the array for generating HDR images, microlenses may be formed over some photodiodes in a checkerboard pattern and may have portions that extend over other photodiodes in the array. Control circuitry may control photodiodes in each group to perform pulsed integration in which charge transfer control signals are intermittently pulsed for those photodiodes. A substantially opaque element may be formed over photodiodes in each of the groups such that the corresponding photodiodes generate signals in response to crosstalk. In this way, different effective exposures may be established across the array, allowing for HDR images to be generated without motion artifacts and with super-pixel resolution.

Abstract: Image sensors may include an array of photodiodes arranged in groups of adjacent photodiodes that generate charge in response to same-colored light. The image sensor may generate high-dynamic-range (HDR) images. To establish an effective exposure ratio between sets of photodiodes on the array for generating HDR images, microlenses may be formed over some photodiodes in a checkerboard pattern and may have portions that extend over other photodiodes in the array. Control circuitry may control photodiodes in each group to perform pulsed integration in which charge transfer control signals are intermittently pulsed for those photodiodes. A substantially opaque element may be formed over photodiodes in each of the groups such that the corresponding photodiodes generate signals in response to crosstalk. In this way, different effective exposures may be established across the array, allowing for HDR images to be generated without motion artifacts and with super-pixel resolution.

Abstract: A method for customizing a camera for at least one particular demographic group is disclosed. The camera includes a programmable memory that stores at least one parameter value to control at least one operation of the camera. The method includes the steps of identifying at least one camera parameter having a preferred value for at least one demographic group that differs from the standard value for said parameter, selecting a demographic classification for the camera, and programming the programmable memory of the camera to set the parameter value to the preferred value for the selected demographic classification.

Abstract: A captured image is processed with one or more correction processes selected from a plurality of such processes, each associated with correction of a specific type of image defect, in order to improve the appearance of a viewed image generated from the captured image. Preliminary to the image processing, meta data related to image capture is obtained that is unique to each captured image, where the meta data is capable of indicating whether the specific types of image defects are likely to be present in the viewed image generated from the captured image.

Abstract: A method for producing a numerical representation of perceived overall image quality of a digital test image, including creating a digital reference image series of a reference scene which differ from each other in at least one perceptual attribute, wherein each digital reference image has a corresponding numerical representation of its overall image quality; iteratively displaying one of the digital reference images and comparing that digital reference image with the displayed digital test image and continuing the process until the numerical representation of the digital test image may be satisfactorily inferred; and recording the numerical representation corresponding to the digital test image.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a numerical representation of perceived overall image quality of a test image includes a viewing support for mounting the test image; a reference image holder disposed relative to the test image on the viewing support, and a source of light for uniformly illuminating the test image and the reference image disposed at the viewing position for viewing by a user. The apparatus can also include a guide with a track.

Abstract: A captured image is processed with one or more correction processes selected from a plurality of such processes, each associated with correction of a specific type of image defect, in order to improve the appearance of a viewed image generated from the captured image. Preliminary to the image processing, meta data related to image capture is obtained that is unique to each captured image, where the meta data is capable of indicating whether the specific types of image defects are likely to be present in the viewed image generated from the captured image.

Abstract: A method for customizing a camera for at least one particular demographic group is disclosed. The camera includes a programmable memory that stores at least one parameter value to control at least one operation of the camera. The method includes the steps of identifying at least one camera parameter having a preferred value for at least one demographic group that differs from the standard value for said parameter, selecting a demographic classification for the camera, and programming the programmable memory of the camera to set the parameter value to the preferred value for the selected demographic classification.

Abstract: Heat generated by the projection lamp in a projecting apparatus is used to individually pop slides having improper curvature due to heat deformation. According to the invention, a slide positioned in the projection gate of the projector exhibits incorrect curvature, preferably as detected by the autofocus system of the projector, a door is opened allowing dry heat from the projection lamp to be applied directly to the slide, preferably until the slide reverts to a proper or normal curvature.

Abstract: An external projection lens aperture, including a holder; an adjustable aperture mounted in the holder; and a self-centering clamping mechanism mounted in the holder for attaching the holder to an end of a projection lens barrel.

Abstract: A slide projector for both front and rear projection includes a shallow lens tunnel for mounting a simple wide-angle lens. In a first aspect, a second lens port is added to a conventional slide projector designed for front projection. A mirror pivots to invert and direct light rays from an illuminated slide to the simple wide-angle lens. In a second aspect, only the shallow lens tunnel is present and a rotating slide gate orients the slide, depending on operation in front or rear projection mode. Front projection in the second aspect requires a lens tunnel extension.

Abstract: A photographic film is disclosed particularly adapted for underwater photography. The film is comprised of a film support, a blue recording layer unit capable of forming a yellow dye image, a green recording layer unit capable of forming a magenta dye image, and a red recording layer unit capable of forming a cyan dye image. At an exposure temperature of 5500.degree. K. and an optical density of 0.8 above minimum density the red recording layer unit exhibits a speed that is (T/10) log E greater than that of the green recording layer unit, where E is exposure in lux-seconds and T is the light transmission distance in meters through water required to match the speed of the red recording layer unit to the speed of the green recording layer unit, T being in the range of from 1.5 to 15 meters.

Abstract: Exposure control apparatus, and various accompanying methods, for use in a photographic camera for improving the overall quality of photographed images, i.e. increasing the number of acceptable and higher quality images, that are produced by the camera for user-selected non-standard display sizes and/or different focal length photographing modes over that obtainable by adherence to ISO/ANSI exposure standards. The quality improvement is attained through user selection of a desired display size and/or focal length photographing mode for each image to be captured followed by an optimization, for that size and mode, of various photographic exposure parameters (exposure settings and, where appropriate, flash parameters). The invention violates the ISO/ANSI exposure standards where necessary to improve image quality, for the desired display size and focal length photographing mode, beyond that which would result from adherence to these standards.