Abstract: A sprayable zinc oxide composition is provided. The sprayable zinc oxide composition can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The sprayable zinc oxide composition includes zinc oxide particles and a fluoro-olefin propellant. The present inventors have found that by selecting a propellant having a certain specific gravity, vapor pressure, and molecular weight, and by controlling the viscosity of the various components of the composition, the resulting zinc oxide composition resists settling such that a substantially homogeneous distribution of zinc oxide particles is maintained and can be evenly sprayed onto a surface without running once applied.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate material that includes an epitaxial layer, wherein the substrate material and the epitaxial layer form a first semiconductor material with the epitaxial layer having a first conductivity type. At least one nanowire comprising a second semiconductor material having a second conductivity type doped differently than the first conductivity type of the first semiconductor material forms a junction crossing region with the first semiconductor material. The nanowire and the first semiconductor material form an avalanche photodiode (APD) in the junction crossing region to enable single photon detection. In an alternative configuration, the APD is formed as a p-i-n crossing region where n represents an n-type material, i represents an intrinsic layer, and p represents a p-type material.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate material that includes an epitaxial layer, wherein the substrate material and the epitaxial layer form a first semiconductor material with the epitaxial layer having a first conductivity type. At least one nanowire comprising a second semiconductor material having a second conductivity type doped differently than the first conductivity type of the first semiconductor material forms a junction crossing region with the first semiconductor material. The nanowire and the first semiconductor material form an avalanche photodiode (APD) in the junction crossing region to enable single photon detection. In an alternative configuration, the APD is formed as a p-i-n crossing region where n represents an n-type material, i represents an intrinsic layer, and p represents a p-type material.

Abstract: A method is provided of forming a superconductor interconnect structure. The method comprises forming a dielectric layer overlying a substrate, forming an interconnect opening in the dielectric layer, and moving the substrate to a deposition chamber. The method further comprises performing a cleaning process on the top surface of the dielectric layer and in the interconnect opening while in the deposition chamber, and depositing a superconducting metal in the interconnect opening while in the deposition chamber to form a superconducting element in the superconductor interconnect structure.

Abstract: A spray delivery system including a sprayable active agent composition housed within a container is provided that can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The composition includes a hydrofluoro-based propellant, a carrier fluid, and active agent particles, and has a viscosity ranging from about 500 centipoise to about 10,000 centipoise. The container includes a dip tube; a valve assembly that includes a valve body, a stem comprising a stem orifice, and a vapor tap; and an actuator. The dip tube is coupled to the actuator by the valve assembly, and the actuator is depressed to dispense the emulsion. By selectively controlling the components and viscosity of the composition and the dimensions of the container components, the active agent particles resist settling so a substantially homogeneous distribution of the particles is maintained. Thus, the composition can be evenly dispensed from the container as a fine mist without clogging.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate material that includes an epitaxial layer, wherein the substrate material and the epitaxial layer form a first semiconductor material with the epitaxial layer having a first conductivity type. At least one nanowire comprising a second semiconductor material having a second conductivity type doped differently than the first conductivity type of the first semiconductor material forms a junction crossing region with the first semiconductor material. The nanowire and the first semiconductor material form an avalanche photodiode (APD) in the junction crossing region to enable single photon detection. In an alternative configuration, the APD is formed as a p-i-n crossing region where n represents an n-type material, i represents an intrinsic layer, and p represents a p-type material.

Abstract: A method is provided of forming a superconductor interconnect structure. The method comprises forming a dielectric layer overlying a substrate, forming an interconnect opening in the dielectric layer, and moving the substrate to a deposition chamber. The method further comprises performing a cleaning process on the top surface of the dielectric layer and in the interconnect opening while in the deposition chamber, and depositing a superconducting metal in the interconnect opening while in the deposition chamber to form a superconducting element in the superconductor interconnect structure.

Abstract: A sprayable emulsion is provided. The emulsion can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The emulsion includes a hydrofluoro-based propellant, an emulsification system, an oil phase, a water phase, and active agent particles. Further, the emulsification system includes at least one nonionic emulsifier. The emulsion has a viscosity ranging from about 500 centipoise to about 10,000 centipoise and a hydrophilic to lipophilic balance (HLB) value of from about 2 to about 12. The present inventors have found that by selectively controlling the nature of the emulsification system and the viscosity of the emulsion, the active agent particles resist settling such that a substantially homogeneous distribution of the active agent particles is maintained and can be evenly sprayed onto a surface without running once applied.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate material that includes an epitaxial layer, wherein the substrate material and the epitaxial layer form a first semiconductor material with the epitaxial layer having a first conductivity type. At least one nanowire comprising a second semiconductor material having a second conductivity type doped differently than the first conductivity type of the first semiconductor material forms a junction crossing region with the first semiconductor material. The nanowire and the first semiconductor material form an avalanche photodiode (APD) in the junction crossing region to enable single photon detection. In an alternative configuration, the APD is formed as a p-i-n crossing region where n represents an n-type material, i represents an intrinsic layer, and p represents a p-type material.

Abstract: A control module for a medical injection system generates an injection control signal based on sensed internal pressure of a user activated control device, for example, in response to an applied external force that causes the sensed internal pressure to increase from a baseline pressure, and continues to sense the internal pressure of the device, following release of the applied external force, so that, if the sensed internal pressure drops below the baseline pressure, the control module may generate a notification. Thus, an operator of the system may monitor internal pressure of the control device for a drop below the baseline pressure, and then, if such a drop is detected, inspect the control device for leaks and reconnect, replace or repair the control device, or simply reconnect or replace the control device.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate material that includes an epitaxial layer, wherein the substrate material and the epitaxial layer form a first semiconductor material with the epitaxial layer having a first conductivity type. At least one nanowire comprising a second semiconductor material having a second conductivity type doped differently than the first conductivity type of the first semiconductor material forms a junction crossing region with the first semiconductor material. The nanowire and the first semiconductor material form an avalanche photodiode (APD) in the junction crossing region to enable single photon detection. In an alternative configuration, the APD is formed as a p-i-n crossing region where n represents an n-type material, i represents an intrinsic layer, and p represents a p-type material.

Abstract: A control module for a medical injection system generates an injection control signal based on sensed internal pressure of a user activated control device, for example, in response to an applied external force that causes the sensed internal pressure to increase from a baseline pressure, and continues to sense the internal pressure of the device, following release of the applied external force, so that, if the sensed internal pressure drops below the baseline pressure, the control module may generate a notification. Thus, an operator of the system may monitor internal pressure of the control device for a drop below the baseline pressure, and then, if such a drop is detected, inspect the control device for leaks and reconnect, replace or repair the control device, or simply reconnect or replace the control device.

Abstract: A sprayable emulsion is provided. The emulsion can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The emulsion includes a hydrofluoro-based propellant, an emulsification system, an oil phase, a water phase, and active agent particles. Further, the emulsification system includes at least one nonionic emulsifier. The emulsion has a viscosity ranging from about 500 centipoise to about 10,000 centipoise and a hydrophilic to lipophilic balance (HLB) value of from about 2 to about 12. The present inventors have found that by selectively controlling the nature of the emulsification system and the viscosity of the emulsion, the active agent particles resist settling such that a substantially homogeneous distribution of the active agent particles is maintained and can be evenly sprayed onto a surface without running once applied.

Abstract: A sprayable emulsion is provided. The emulsion can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The emulsion includes a hydrofluoro-based propellant, an emulsification system, an oil phase, a water phase, and active agent particles. Further, the emulsification system includes at least one nonionic emulsifier. The emulsion has a viscosity ranging from about 500 centipoise to about 10,000 centipoise and a hydrophilic to lipophilic balance (HLB) value of from about 2 to about 12. The present inventors have found that by selectively controlling the nature of the emulsification system and the viscosity of the emulsion, the active agent particles resist settling such that a substantially homogeneous distribution of the active agent particles is maintained and can be evenly sprayed onto a surface without running once applied.

Abstract: A sprayable emulsion is provided. The emulsion can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The emulsion includes a hydrofluoro-based propellant, an emulsification system, an oil phase, a water phase, and active agent particles. Further, the emulsification system includes at least one nonionic emulsifier. The emulsion has a viscosity ranging from about 500 centipoise to about 10,000 centipoise and a hydrophilic to lipophilic balance (HLB) value of from about 2 to about 12. The present inventors have found that by selectively controlling the nature of the emulsification system and the viscosity of the emulsion, the active agent particles resist settling such that a substantially homogeneous distribution of the active agent particles is maintained and can be evenly sprayed onto a surface without running once applied.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate material that includes an epitaxial layer, wherein the substrate material and the epitaxial layer form a first semiconductor material with the epitaxial layer having a first conductivity type. At least one nanowire comprising a second semiconductor material having a second conductivity type doped differently than the first conductivity type of the first semiconductor material forms a junction crossing region with the first semiconductor material. The nanowire and the first semiconductor material form an avalanche photodiode (APD) in the junction crossing region to enable single photon detection. In an alternative configuration, the APD is formed as a p-i-n crossing region where n represents an n-type material, i represents an intrinsic layer, and p represents a p-type material.

Abstract: A sprayable zinc oxide composition is provided. The sprayable zinc oxide composition can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The sprayable zinc oxide composition includes zinc oxide particles and a fluoro-olefin propellant. The present inventors have found that by selecting a propellant having a certain specific gravity, vapor pressure, and molecular weight, and by controlling the viscosity of the various components of the composition, the resulting zinc oxide composition resists settling such that a substantially homogeneous distribution of zinc oxide particles is maintained and can be evenly sprayed onto a surface without running once applied.

Abstract: A spray delivery system including a sprayable active agent composition housed within a container is provided that can be used in the treatment of various skin conditions. The composition includes a hydrofluoro-based propellant, a carrier fluid, and active agent particles, and has a viscosity ranging from about 500 centipoise to about 10,000 centipoise. The container includes a dip tube; a valve assembly that includes a valve body, a stem comprising a stem orifice, and a vapor tap; and an actuator. The dip tube is coupled to the actuator by the valve assembly, and the actuator is depressed to dispense the emulsion. By selectively controlling the components and viscosity of the composition and the dimensions of the container components, the active agent particles resist settling so a substantially homogeneous distribution of the particles is maintained. Thus, the composition can be evenly dispensed from the container as a fine mist without clogging.

Abstract: A control module for a medical injection system generates an injection control signal based on sensed internal pressure of a user activated control device, for example, in response to an applied external force that causes the sensed internal pressure to increase from a baseline pressure, and continues to sense the internal pressure of the device, following release of the applied external force, so that, if the sensed internal pressure drops below the baseline pressure, the control module may generate a notification. Thus, an operator of the system may monitor internal pressure of the control device for a drop below the baseline pressure, and then, if such a drop is detected, inspect the control device for leaks and reconnect, replace or repair the control device, or simply reconnect or replace the control device.

Abstract: A separation assembly is generally described that can chemically treat condensate material in a fluid stream. One particular example of a separation assembly is a crankcase filtration assembly used in engine oil filtration and that includes an additive material disposed within the crankcase filtration assembly. The additive material chemically treats condensate material of blow-by fluids received by the crankcase filtration assembly when a condition is present in the condensate material. For example, the crankcase filtration assembly provides a unique structure with a chemically treated component that can reduce an acidic condition in condensate material received by the crankcase filtration assembly, and even more generally may extend engine oil life.