Abstract: In a method for synthesizing a long nucleic acid molecule, a first immobilized nucleic acid has a first 5? region and a first 3? region and a second immobilized nucleic acid has a second 5? region and a second 3? region. The second 3? region and the first 5? region have identical nucleic acid sequences. An oligonucleotide is hybridized to the first 3? region, extending the hybridized oligonucleotide and producing a first extension product having a 3? region that is complementary to the first 5? region. The 3? region of the first extension product is hybridized to the second 3? region, extending the 3? region of the first extension product and producing a synthesized nucleic acid molecule having a 3? region that is complementary to the second 5? region, wherein the synthesized nucleic acid molecule has a sequence complementary to the first and second 3? and 5? regions.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a nucleic acid having a desired sequence and length comprises providing a solid support having an immobilized nucleic acid, performing a nucleic acid addition reaction to elongate the immobilized nucleic acid by adding a nucleotide or an oligonucleotide to the nucleic acid, determining whether the nucleotide or the oligonucleotide is added to the nucleic acid by detecting whether there is an increase in electrophoretic force applied to the solid support when an electric field and a magnetic field gradient are applied to the support, wherein the increase in electrophoretic force applied to the support is caused by adding the nucleotide or the oligonucleotide to the nucleic acid, repeating the addition reaction and determination steps if the nucleotide or the oligonucleotide is not added to the nucleic acid, and continuing until the immobilized nucleic acid has a desired sequence and length.

Abstract: In a method for adjusting the voltage potential or pH of, or cause proton release from, cells, subcellular regions, or extracellular regions, a gene encoding for a light-driven proton pump is incorporated into at least one target cell or region, the proton pump operating in response to a specific wavelength of light. Expression of the gene is caused by exposing the target cell or region to the specific wavelength of light in a manner designed to cause the voltage potential adjustment, pH adjustment, or proton release. The proton pump may be a microbial rhodopsin, in particular derived from the halorubrum genus of archaeabacteria, or be derived from leptosphaeria maculans, P. triticirepentis, and S. scelorotorium. The voltage potential of the target cell or region may adjusted until it is hyperpolarized in order to achieve neural silencing. Light-activated proton pumps responsive to different wavelengths of light may be used together to achieve multi-color neural silencing.

Abstract: In a method for synthesizing a long nucleic acid molecule, a first immobilized nucleic acid has a first 5? region and a first 3? region and a second immobilized nucleic acid has a second 5? region and a second 3? region, wherein the second 3? region and the first 5? region have identical nucleic acid sequences. The first immobilized nucleic acid is hybridized with an oligonucleotide under conditions promoting hybridization of the oligonucleotide to the first 3? region, extending the hybridized oligonucleotide and producing a first extension product having a 3? region that is complementary to the first 5? region.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to nucleic acid synthesis, in particular DNA synthesis. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of long nucleic acid molecules with precise user control over sequence content. This invention also relates to the prevention and/or removal of errors within nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to nucleic acid synthesis, in particular DNA synthesis. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of long nucleic acid molecules with precise user control over sequence content. This invention also relates to the prevention and/or removal of errors within nucleic acid molecules.