Abstract: The present disclosure provides aromatic-cationic peptides and methods of using the same. The methods comprise the use of the aromatic-cationic peptides in reducing the effects of toxic beta amyloid (A?) peptides including blocking the accumulation of extracellular A? oligomers, inhibiting A?-mediated oxygenase activity, reducing A?-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and/or preventing A?-induced neuronal apoptosis.