Abstract: A differential drive system uses mass produced components to create a multi-speed, automatic transmission like operation while still taking advantage of the economies of scale. The differential drive system couples two motors to a differential through freewheels allowing the most efficient motor use. A pedal chain sprocket is connected to the differential through a mid axle and through a freewheel allowing the pedals to drive both rear axles.

Abstract: A simplified mid-motor drive system includes all necessary electronics and allows for throttle-only operation of the motor. The mid-motor drive system includes an arrangement of uni-directional drive connections (i.e., sprag clutches) between the motor and the pedals which allows each to operate independently or in conjunction, and allows simple modifications to gear ratios of packaged drive systems in order to adapt to regulatory requirements of different worldwide territories.

Abstract: A Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) 10, 20 includes two motors 24a, 24b and independent control of each motor. The two motors have different drive ratios (for example, gearing 26 or pulley/sprocket 28 ratios) or different efficiency versus RPM curves and are controlled to provide efficient operation over a wider speed range than possible with a single motor or two motors having the same efficiency at any given vehicle speed.

Abstract: A simplified mid-motor drive system includes all necessary electronics and allows for throttle-only operation of the motor. The mid-motor drive system includes an arrangement of uni-directional drive connections (i.e., sprag clutches) between the motor and the pedals which allows each to operate independently or in conjunction, and allows simple modifications to gear ratios of packaged drive systems in order to adapt to regulatory requirements of different worldwide territories.