Abstract: A method for remotely identifying an operating system comprises sending a first User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet to a port that is not in use on a target and monitoring a response evoked by the first sent UDP packet. At least one Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packet is sent to the target and the response evoked by the sent ICMP packet(s) monitored. A second UDP packet is sent to the port with an Internet Protocol (IP) timestamp option set in an IP header and a response evoked by the second sent UDP packet is monitored. The operating system is identified at least partially based on the responses to the first and second sent UDP packets.

Abstract: An arrangement for transforming data between an XML (extensible markup language) data source and an LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) interface is disclosed. The arrangement includes a XML-LDAP adapter for transforming first data into second data. The first data is represented in a first XML format and includes information pertaining to at least a subset of third data. The third data represents an XML-formatted message received from the XML data source. The second data is represented in a LDAP format and pertains to an LDAP operation affecting an LDAP directory that is coupled to receive the second data through the LDAP interface, whereby the LDAP operation is represented by an operation object that implements both a first functionality and a second functionality. The first functionality executes the LDAP operation. The second functionality restores the LDAP directory to a state that existed prior to a commencement of execution of the operation object.

Abstract: An arrangement for transforming data between an XML (extensible markup language) data source and an LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) interface is disclosed. The arrangement includes a XML-LDAP adapter for transforming first data into second data. The first data is represented in a first XML format and includes information pertaining to at least a subset of third data. The third data represents an XML-formatted message received from the XML data source. The second data is represented in a LDAP format and pertains to an LDAP operation affecting an LDAP directory that is coupled to receive the second data through the LDAP interface, whereby the LDAP operation is represented by an operation object that implements both a first functionality and a second functionality. The first functionality executes the LDAP operation. The second functionality restores the LDAP directory to a state that existed prior to a commencement of execution of the operation object.