Abstract: A battery pack system and methods for operating the battery pack system are disclosed. In one example, the battery pack system may simultaneously output two different voltages from a stack of battery cells. One voltage may be applied to a first group of electric power consumers and the second voltage may be applied to a second group of electric power consumers.

Abstract: A battery pack system and methods for operating the battery pack system are disclosed. In one example, the battery pack system may simultaneously output two different voltages from a stack of battery cells. One voltage may be applied to a first group of electric power consumers and the second voltage may be applied to a second group of electric power consumers.

Abstract: A spirally-wound fuel cell assembly is disclosed. The spirally-wound fuel cell assembly includes an enclosure. Multiple cell assemblies are disposed in electrical contact with each other and provided in the enclosure. Each of the cell assemblies has at least one membrane electrode assembly including a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a proton conductive membrane sandwiched between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. An oxidant channel is provided in each of the cell assemblies for receiving an oxidant gas. A fuel gas pathway is defined around the cell assemblies for receiving a fuel gas. A method of fabricating a fuel cell assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for operating a battery having a plurality of battery cells includes determining when certain end of life criteria for the battery are met. A counter is incremented when the certain end of life criteria are met. The battery is rebalanced when it is determined that the end of life criteria are met, and the counter is not greater than a predetermined value. An end of life of the battery is indicated when it is determined that the end of life criteria are met, and the counter is greater than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A state of charge control system and method uses a region of voltage linearity and a long-term average voltage to estimate an average battery state of charge for storage batteries and to eliminate errors due to hysteresis, drift and sensor noncompliance. An average state of charge Sn is calculated using a current integral method and an average state of charge Sv based on an average observed voltage Vn for a time period exceeding a predefined minimum time but before a predefined maximum time has elapsed is also calculated. If the absolute value of the difference between the Sv and Sn are not are within an acceptable error band, then an offset value is calculated to correct the Sn by subtracting the Sv from the Sn, and thus, to maintain a more accurate Sn. Additionally, a closed current integral method is used to reduce errors due to hysteresis.

Abstract: A spirally-wound fuel cell assembly is disclosed. The spirally-wound fuel cell assembly includes an enclosure. Multiple cell assemblies are disposed in electrical contact with each other and provided in the enclosure. Each of the cell assemblies has at least one membrane electrode assembly including a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a proton conductive membrane sandwiched between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. An oxidant channel is provided in each of the cell assemblies for receiving an oxidant gas. A fuel gas pathway is defined around the cell assemblies for receiving a fuel gas. A method of fabricating a fuel cell assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for operating a battery having a plurality of battery cells includes determining when certain end of life criteria for the battery are met. A counter is incremented when the certain end of life criteria are met. The battery is rebalanced when it is determined that the end of life criteria are met, and the counter is not greater than a predetermined value. An end of life of the battery is indicated when it is determined that the end of life criteria are met, and the counter is greater than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A state of charge control system and method uses a region of voltage linearity and a long-term average voltage to estimate an average battery state of charge for storage batteries and to eliminate errors due to hysteresis, drift and sensor noncompliance. An average state of charge Sn is calculated using a current integral method and an average state of charge Sv based on an average observed voltage Vn for a time period exceeding a predefined minimum time but before a predefined maximum time has elapsed is also calculated. If the absolute value of the difference between the Sv and Sn are not are within an acceptable error band, then an offset value is calculated to correct the Sn by subtracting the Sv from the Sn, and thus, to maintain a more accurate Sn. Additionally, a closed current integral method is used to reduce errors due to hysteresis.