Abstract: Brominated styrenic polymer is recovered from solution in a vaporizable solvent by converting the solution in a devolatilization extruder into a brominated styrenic polymer melt or flow and a separate vapor phase comprised predominately of vaporizable solvent, recovering the melt or flow from the devolatilization extruder, and allowing or causing the melt or flow to solidify. The solidified brominated styrenic polymer can be subdivided into a powder or pelletized form. Pellets so made have improved hardness and/or crush strength properties along with reduced formation of fines. Brominated anionic styrenic polymer is preferably used in the process.

Abstract: Brominated styrenic polymer is recovered from solution in a vaporizable solvent by converting the solution in a devolatilization extruder into a brominated styrenic polymer melt or flow and a separate vapor phase comprised predominately of vaporizable solvent, recovering the melt or flow from the devolatilization extruder, and allowing or causing the melt or flow to solidify. The solidified brominated styrenic polymer can be subdivided into a powder or pelletized form. Pellets so made have improved hardness and/or crush strength properties along with reduced formation of fines. Brominated anionic styrenic polymer is preferably used in the process.

Abstract: Brominated styrenic polymer is recovered from solution in a vaporizable solvent by converting the solution in a devolatilization extruder into a brominated styrenic polymer melt or flow and a separate vapor phase comprised predominately of vaporizable solvent, recovering the melt or flow from the devolatilization extruder, and allowing or causing the melt or flow to solidify. The solidified brominated styrenic polymer can be subdivided into a powder or pelletized form. Pellets so made have improved hardness and/or crush strength properties along with reduced formation of fines. Brominated anionic styrenic polymer is preferably used in the process.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the N-halogenation of at least one 5-hydrocarbyl hydantoin and/or at least one 5,5-dihydrocarbyl hydantoin. The process comprises concurrently feeding into a reaction zone (i) water, inorganic base, and 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, these being fed separately and/or in any combination(s), (ii) a separate feed of a brominating agent, and (iii) a separate feed of a chlorinating agent, in proportions such that during all or substantially all of the time the concurrent feeding is occurring halogenation of the 5-hydrocarbyl hydantoin and/or 5,5-dihydrocarbyl hydantoin occurs and resultant halogenated product precipitates in the liquid phase of an aqueous reaction mixture, and in which the pH of the liquid phase is continuously or substantially continuously maintained in the range of about 2.0 to about 8.0 during all or substantially all of the time the concurrent feeding is occurring.

Abstract: Granules/pastilles of unadulterated brominated anionic styrenic polymer are prepared and provided. They are made by forming a downward plug flow from an orifice in a manifold or nozzle in proximity to a cooled traveling planar member. Such member is impervious to cooling liquid. There is a gap between the lower end of the orifice and the planar member. A portion of a plug of the molten polymer either (i) bridges such gap or (ii) freely drops from the orifice and falls upon the planar member, in either case forming an individual granule/pastille on the planar member and solidifies thereon. The traveling member is cooled by a mist or spray of cooling liquid applied to the underside of the planar member. The granules/pastilles have superior properties.

Abstract: Brominated styrenic polymer is recovered from solution in a vaporizable solvent by converting the solution in a devolatilization extruder into a brominated styrenic polymer melt or flow and a separate vapor phase comprised predominately of vaporizable solvent, recovering the melt or flow from the devolatilization extruder, and allowing or causing the melt or flow to solidify. The solidified brominated styrenic polymer can be subdivided into a powder or pelletized form. Pellets so made have improved hardness and/or crush strength properties along with reduced formation of fines. Brominated anionic styrenic polymer is preferably used in the process.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of producing granules. This method comprises roll compaction of a 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin/binder blend, followed by feeding the compacted product obtained from the roll compactor into a mechanical device, where the compacted product is broken into granules. The blend comprises (i) at least one powdery or finely-divided 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which each halogen atom is either chlorine or bromine, in which one of the alkyl groups in the 5-position is a methyl group, in which the other alkyl group in the 5-position has in the range of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and in which the particle size is larger than about 20 microns, and (ii) a binder quantity of a micronized synthetic polyolefin-based hydrocarbon wax. The binder quantity of wax is in the range of about 0.5 to about 2 wt %, based on the total weight of the 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin and the wax.

Abstract: The process enables highly effective N-halogenation of a compound having one or more halogenatable amido or imido functional groups in the molecule. The process involves, for example, concurrently feeding into a reactor (i) water, inorganic base, and the compound to be N-halogenated, e.g., a hydantoin, and a feed of (ii) a brominating agent and/or a chlorinating agent. The proportions of these feeds are such that the pH is kept within the range of ca. 5.5-8.5 (preferably 6.5-8.5, and most preferably 6.8-7.2) and one or more of the amido or imido nitrogen atoms is substituted by a bromine or chlorine atom. A feature of the process is that it can be conducted at elevated temperatures as high as about 90° C. without appreciable thermal decomposition of reactants or product. The resultant product continuously precipitates in high yield and purity. Moreover, products can be produced that are very pale yellow to almost pure white in appearance.

Abstract: The dry blends comprise a powdery or finely-divided active ingredient such as a pharmaceutical, dietary supplement, agricultural chemical, water-treating agent or biocidal agent, and a micronized synthetic polyolefin-based hydrocarbon wax and/or a micronized synthetic polyfluorocarbon wax that is compatible with the active ingredient. Shape-retentive compacted compositions are formed by pressure compacting such blends. Preferred active ingredients are 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoins and profen pharmaceuticals such as naproxen.

Abstract: Among the enhanced properties of the 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins described are their larger average particle sizes, their compactibility even though devoid of a binder, their excellent free-flowing and low-dust properties, and their more appealing aesthetic qualities, as compared to previously known 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins. These novel 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins can be produced, for example, by concurrently feeding (i) an aqueous solution or slurry formed from an inorganic base and 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and (ii) a brominating agent, in proportions such that each nitrogen atom is substituted by a bromine atom, thereby forming product which precipitates in an aqueous reaction mixture. The pH of the reaction mixture is maintained in the range of about 5.5 to about 8.5.

Abstract: A shape-retentive compacted article is produced from 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin particulate solids by (a) granulating the particulate solids without use of a binder, and (b) pressure compacting granulated 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin granules formed in (a) that have a U.S. standard mesh size in the range of about 80 mesh to about 3 mesh, again without use of a binder. So far as is known, never before have 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin particulate solids been converted into a compacted form by any method.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin is prepared from internal and/or vinylidene olefin by reacting the internal and/or vinylidene olefin with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of Re.sub.2 O.sub.7 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 on Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A two-stage upflow process for coal gasification and an apparatus useful therefor. An oxygen-containing gas and a first increment of a coal-in-water slurry are ignited in a horizontal fired slagging reactor by means of horizontal coaxial juxtaposed burner nozzles mounted in the reactor, thereby converting the oxygen, the coal, and the water into steam and gaseous combustion products. The discharge from the fired reactor is contacted overhead with a second increment of coal-water slurry in a vertical unfired heat-recovery unit connected to the upper end of the reactor. The heat evolved in the reactor is used in the heat recovery unit to convert the second increment of coal-water slurry into more steam, char and synthesis gas. The gas effluent is separated from the solid char, and synthesis gas is passed into a fire-tube boiler to recover heat and the cooled product gas is recovered as the desired fuel-rich product. The solid char is reslurried and recycled to the fired reactor 3 for further combustion.

Abstract: A vessel having a floor which includes a tap outlet through which liquid contents in the vessel can be drained. The tap outlet features a shallow aperture circumscribed by first and second drip lines. The second drip line circumscribes the first drip line and is substantially coplanar with the first drip line. The two drip lines are connected one to the other by an annular hollow surface.

Abstract: Vinylidene olefins which contain the olefinic unit ##STR1## are isomerized in high yield to form di-substituted internal olefins containing the olefinic unit --CH.dbd.CH-- by heating to 150.degree.-350.degree. C. in contact with an iron carbonyl catalyst. Only minor amounts of tri-substituted internal olefins which contain the olefinic unit ##STR2## are formed.