Abstract: A mass transfer device is provided in the form of a tray having moveable valves which includes perforations spanned by bridge members shaped to divert liquid flowing in the design flow direction around the perforation such that gas rising through the perforation causes the valve to open and then encounters the liquid flow essentially at right angles.

Abstract: A mass transfer device is provided in the form of a tray having perforations spanned by bridge members shaped to divert liquid flowing in the design flow direction around the perforation such that gas rising through the perforation encounters the liquid flow essentially at right angles.

Abstract: A portable circuit and method for performing a time study and analysis of bodily ionic characteristics as esophageal pH includes a transducer 11 for measuring pH and generating a proportional analog signal and an interface 12 for converting this signal into a representative digital signal including offset and gain controls 23,24 for permitting correction for transducer 11 calibration drift during the study period. A processor 14 receives and stores all digital signals for rapid transmission to a data analysis after the study period is ended. Esophageal pH values are measured and stored for a plurality of pre-study and post-study known conditions.

Abstract: A circuit and method for radiotelemetry of an esophageal pH signal in an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal radiotelemetry system includes esophageal and reference pH electrodes (16 and 17) connected to a pH meter (15) for monitoring esophageal pH and generating a signal proportional thereto and a waveform converter circuit (12) for converting the same to a signal whose waveform is similar to an ECG waveform and one of whose parameters, such as frequency, is proportional to esophageal pH. A conventional ECG radiotelemetry system (13) includes an ECG signal transmitter (31) receiving and broadcasting the converted signal to a remote ECG signal receiver (32). A display (14) receives the demodulated converted waveform from ECG signal receiver (32) and displays indicia of esophageal pH.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for detecting the presence of an embolism, such as air, during extracorporeal circulation in tubing carrying blood or other fluid such as would be present in the use of an artificial kidney machine. Electrodes are placed near the tubing to monitor the impedance thereof as well as the impedance of the fluid passing therethrough. An oscillator is attached to the electrodes and puts out a signal, the frequency of which is proportional to the basic impedance of the tubing and fluid. When an air bubble or the like passes the electrodes, the impedance will change causing a change in the frequency of the signal of the oscillator. The difference between the normal frequency and the changed frequency is indicative of the size of the embolism.