Abstract: Exemplary systems, methods, and devices are provided for measuring a force. Thus, the exemplary systems, methods, and devices can provide a remote optical sensor configured to measure force within the nanonewton range. The remote optical sensor can use avalanching nanoparticles to measure the force in that nanonewton range, where the brightness of the avalanching nanoparticles can be correlated to the applied force.

Abstract: A photo-switchable nanocrystal can be provided which can include solely one or more inorganic elements. Further, a method for synthesizing photo-switchable nanocrystal can be provided which can utilize solely inorganic elements. For example, the fully inorganic element(s) can comprise lanthanide ion (Ln3+)-based phosphors. Further, the nanocrystal can be photostable and/or does not photodegrade with light excitation cycles.

Abstract: Phonon engineered, lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles with very low phonon energies and tunable methods of synthesis that adjust OA:OM ratio and reaction temperature are provided. Low phonon energy KPb2X5 (X=Cl, Br) upconverting nanoparticles, both doped and undoped, exhibit dramatically suppressed multiphonon relaxation, enhancing upconversion emission from higher lanthanide excited states and enabling room temperature observation of avalanche like upconversion by Nd3+ ions. Intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) of the materials can provide bit level functionality to all optical computing. The IOB of Nd3+ doped nanocrystals, which are either bright or dark at the same excitation power based on power history, illustrate the functionality. High contrast switching and IOB are enabled via the photon avalanche process, which sustains population inversion between the ground and the first excited 4fN states of Nd3+ ions.

Abstract: Exemplary nanoparticle and method for inducing photon avalanching using a nanoparticle can be provided. The nanoparticle can include, for example, at least 99% thulium doped nanocrystals of the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle can be composed of solely thulium. An atomic concentration of the thulium can be at least 8%. A near infrared excitation wavelength of the nanocrystals can be greater than about 1064 nm. The near infrared excitation wavelength can be between about 1400 nm to about 1490 nm. A passivated shell(s) can be included which can surround the nanocrystals.

Abstract: Exemplary nanoparticle and method for inducing photon avalanching using a nanoparticle can be provided. The nanoparticle can include, for example, at least 99% thulium doped nanocrystals of the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle can be composed of solely thulium. An atomic concentration of the thulium can be at least 8%. A near infrared excitation wavelength of the nanocrystals can be greater than about 1064 nm. The near infrared excitation wavelength can be between about 1400 nm to about 1490 nm. A passivated shell(s) can be included which can surround the nanocrystals.

Abstract: An implant includes a body having a cylindrical portion extending from a first end to a second end, a first nub extending from the first end, and a second nub extending from the second end. The body includes an inner layer, a middle layer, and an outer layer. The inner layer has a first length extending from a tip of the first nub to a tip of the second nub, and has a first central axis collinear with a central longitudinal axis of the implant. The outer layer has a second length extending from the first end to the second end, has a second central axis collinear with the central longitudinal axis, and provides an outer surface of the implant. The middle layer comprises a porous material disposed between the inner layer and the outer layer. The inner layer and at least one portion of the middle layer provide the two nubs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to techniques and systems for training a subject to modify his or her own neuronal activity within a selected brain region.

Abstract: The open channel flow meter of the present invention uses a progressive spectral analyzer to increase the efficiency and accuracy thereof. This is accomplished by using a smaller degree fast Fourier transform covering small sections of the span of the sensor. Additional sections of the span are added to the analysis as required to cover the desired velocity range. This approach also allows one to bypass the processing of velocity spans outside the actual site conditions. This allows circuitry which costs less, uses less power, and achieves more precise readings in a shorter time period.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and systems for identifying one or more cofactors such as vitamins for individuals based on the genetic makeup of the individual by detecting the presence or absence of at least one genetic variant, determining a predisposition to cofactor remediable condition, generating a personalized nutritional advice plan based on the genetic variant. Also provided herein are formulations of cofactors determined by the genetic make-up of the individual and methods of determining and producing these formulations.

Abstract: A method for hypothermic preservation of biological tissue for later recovery to a viable state includes flushing the biological tissue with a gas mixture of sulfur hexafluoride or xenon and oxygen. The sulfur hexafluoride or xenon is in a concentration in the mixture between about 75 mole percent to 95 mole percent. The method includes pressurizing the biological tissue, preferably isothermically, with the mixture to a pressure that will form clathrates inside the biological tissue at a desired storage temperature in a range of about +1° C. to about +5° C. The method includes a step of cooling the biological tissue, preferably isobarically, to the desired storage temperature. Optional steps for further cooling to no colder than about ?20° C. and for depressurization are provided as well as steps for recovering the hypothermically preserved biological tissue to a viable state, preferably using a recovery gas mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to techniques and systems for training a subject to modify his or her own neutronal activity within a selected brain region.

Abstract: Semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots (QD) are caged by being associated with a molecule such as an orth-Nitrobenzyl (ONB) group. The luminescence of the QD is suppressed until activated by violet or ultra violet light.

Abstract: A method for hypothermic preservation of biological tissue for later recovery to a viable state includes flushing the biological tissue with a gas mixture of sulfur hexafluoride or xenon and oxygen. The sulfur hexafluoride or xenon is in a concentration in the mixture between about 75 mole percent to 95 mole percent. The method includes pressurizing the biological tissue, preferably isothermically, with the mixture to a pressure that will form clathrates inside the biological tissue at a desired storage temperature in a range of about +1° C. to about +5° C. The method includes a step of cooling the biological tissue, preferably isobarically, to the desired storage temperature. Optional steps for further cooling to no colder than about ?20° C. and for depressurization are provided as well as steps for recovering the hypothermically preserved biological tissue to a viable state, preferably using a recovery gas mixture.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that specific dosages of pyrimidine compositions, such as cytidine compositions, can be used to treat patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Abstract: The invention features salvinorin compositions that are selective for kappa opioid receptors; methods of treating mania by using a selective kappa receptor agonist; and methods of treating mood disorders, such as depressive disorders and manic disorders, using salvinorin compositions.

Abstract: The invention features salvinorin compositions that are selective for kappa opioid receptors; methods of treating mania by using a selective kappa receptor agonist; and methods of treating mood disorders, such as depressive disorders and manic disorders, using salvinorin compositions.

Abstract: The present invention features compositions, kits, and methods for treating or reducing a cognitive or psychological disorder, such as depression.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a therapeutic method for the treatment of non-hematologic malignancies comprising administering anti-IGF-1R antibodies, particularly human anti-IGF-1R antibodies, to a patient, in conjunction with the administration of at least one other therapeutic agent. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these antibodies and methods of using such compositions thereof for treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antibodies and antigen-binding portions thereof that specifically bind to insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), which is preferably human IGF-IR. The invention also relates to human anti-IGF-IR antibodies, including chimeric, bispecific, derivatized, single chain antibodies or portions of fusion proteins. The invention also relates to isolated heavy and light chain immunoglobulin molecules derived from anti-IGF-IR antibodies and nucleic acid molecules encoding such molecules. The present invention also relates to methods of making anti-IGF-IR antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these antibodies and methods of using the antibodies and compositions thereof for diagnosis and treatment. The invention also provides gene therapy methods using nucleic acid molecules encoding the heavy and/or light immunoglobulin molecules that comprise the human anti-IGF-IR antibodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antibodies and antigen-binding portions thereof that specifically bind to insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), which is preferably human IGF-IR. The invention also relates to human anti-IGF-IR antibodies, including chimeric, bispecific, derivatized, single chain antibodies or portions of fusion proteins. The invention also relates to isolated heavy and light chain immunoglobulin molecules derived from anti-IGF-IR antibodies and nucleic acid molecules encoding such molecules. The present invention also relates to methods of making anti-IGF-IR antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these antibodies and methods of using the antibodies and compositions thereof for diagnosis and treatment. The invention also provides gene therapy methods using nucleic acid molecules encoding the heavy and/or light immunoglobulin molecules that comprise the human anti-IGF-IR antibodies.