Abstract: An optical speed sensor includes a laser diode 10 that provides a broadband source light 12 to a coupler 18 which provides a source light 22 to a fiber Bragg grating 26 which reflects a first reflection wavelength of light 28 and passes the remainder as a light 30. The light 30 is incident on another fiber Bragg grating 32 which reflects a second reflection wavelength of light 34. The power of an output signal 40 is indicative of the reflected light beams 34,28, and is measured by a photodetector 46. The gratings 26,32 are mounted on a magnetostrictive material 60 which is connected to a permanent magnet 62 which is connected to a material 70 which conducts magnetic fields. The material 60 expands and contracts in response to the strength of magnetic fields therein. The reflection wavelengths for both gratings 26,32 are the same when the tooth 100 is not nearby, thereby causing the output signal 40 to be primarily equal to the reflected light 28.

Abstract: A method of attaching an optical fiber to an IOC includes the step of preparing the IOC for attachment by utilizing a dicing saw to cut into the IOC at a depth less than the thickness of the IOC, the cut forming a surface which is normal or at an angle with respect to an optical axis of the waveguide, such step of cutting having the additional result of optically polishing the surface. A portion of the IOC between the initial cut and an end of the IOC is then progressively removed by a series of cuts using the dicing saw, the cuts are to a predetermined depth which is less than the thickness of the IOC, and greater than the radius of the fiber so as to insure proper coupling of the IOC waveguide and fiber core, such series of cuts producing a stepped surface in the IOC. Next, the fiber core is optically aligned with the waveguide by translational and rotational positioning of the fiber end face adjacent to the surface and above the stepped surface.

Abstract: A package for an IOC fabricated from an anisotropic material, such as X-cut lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, having identical thermal expansion coefficients in the X and Y directions and a different thermal expansion in the Z direction, or for an IOC fabricated from an isotropic material, such as gallium arsenide or silicon, includes an IOC enclosure having a planar mounting surface which has identical thermal expansion coefficients in the X and Y directions. The coefficients of the planar mounting surface are relatively similar to the thermal expansion coefficients of a planar surface of the IOC. A planar surface of the IOC is attached to the planar mounting surface of the package.

Abstract: A method of attaching an optical fiber to an IOC includes the step of forming an alignment groove in the waveguide surface of the IOC by utilizing a laser ablation system to remove a predetermined portion of the IOC material. Next, a dicing saw or other cutting means is used to cut into the IOC at a depth less than the thickness of the IOC, the cut forming a cut surface which is normal or at an angle with respect to both an optical axis of the waveguide and to an axis of the alignment groove, such step of cutting performing the additional function of optically polishing the cut surface. Next, an optical fiber is disposed within the alignment groove, and the fiber core is optically aligned with the optical axis of the waveguide by translational and rotational positioning of the fiber end face adjacent to the cut surface.

Abstract: A micromachined silicon pressure transducer employs a vibrating bridge that is formed from the same silicon slab as the pressure responsive diaphragm. The resonant frequency of the bridge is a temperature insensitive representation of the pressure.

Abstract: The alignment of an optical fiber (2) with a light port (18) of an I/O chip (10) is facilitated by a fiber carrier (20) having a surface (22) in which a plurality of closely spaced, axially extending fiber carrying grooves (30) are formed. The end (4) of an optical fiber (2) is supported in a first narrower and shallower V-shaped groove segment (32) with the tip (6) of the fiber (2) extending in a cantilevered fashion over a second wider and deeper V-shaped groove segment (34) with the tip end face (8) in facing relationship with the I/O chip (10). A ground electrode (40) is disposed on a wall of the first groove segment (32) in contact with the received end 4 of the fiber (2) for electrically grounding the fiber. A pair of independently energizible actuator electrodes (42, 44) are disposed on opposed side walls of the second groove segment (34).

Abstract: A method of aligning the optical axis in the core of an optical fiber with the optical axis in a waveguide imbedded in an integrated optical (IO) chip includes the step of coating an end face of the fiber with a layer of solder such that the solder coating covers the cladding portio of the fiber without covering the core portion of the fiber. The IO chip has a block of similar IO material mounted to a surface of the chip such that a planar end face of the chip is aligned with a planar end face of the block. The end faces of the block/chip are coated with a layer of solder such that the solder coating covers the entire end face of the block/chip without covering the waveguide. The coated fiber end face is brought in contact with the solder coated end face of the block/chip such that the core and waveguide are in approximate axial alignment.

Abstract: A method of aligning the optical axes of an optical fiber and a waveguide imbedded in an integrated optical chip and of attaching the fiber to the chip includes the step of coating the outer surface of the fiber with solder in the vicinity of an end of the fiber. A portion of the fiber at the coated end is cut away such that a flat surface at a tangential or near tangential relation to the fiber core results. A surface of the chip has solder pads disposed thereon such that the outer edges of the cut portion of the fiber contacts the solder pads when the flat surface of the fiber is placed in contact with the surface of the chip, such placement of the fiber onto the chip providing for vertical alignment of the optical axes of the fiber core and the waveguide in the chip.

Abstract: A wedge-shaped block of pyrolytic graphite or other suitable anisotropic material cut along certain predetermined angular dimensions is used as a thermal expansion coefficient transformer to match the anisotropic thermal expansion coefficients of a lithium niobate or lithium tantalate IO chip to an isotropic substrate material such as 316 stainless steel or aluminum, or to match the isotropic thermal expansion coefficients of a silicon IO chip to an isotropic substrate material, the wedge being used as an intermediate block mounted between the IO chip and the substrate, the anisotropic material used as the thermal transformer having a thermal expansion coefficient which is greater than the value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the IO chip material in one direction, and having a thermal expansion coefficient which is lesser than the thermal expansion coefficient of the IO chip material in another direction.

Abstract: An optical actuator position demand signal through optic fiber 14 is focused on one side 32 of optical fluidic interface 16. A second optical signal through optic fiber 56 is attentuated 50 in proportion to actuator 38 position and focused on a second side 34 of the interface 16. Amplified fluidic signals 68, 70 drive the actuator until the demand signal 14 and actual signal 58 are in balance.

Abstract: An enhanced output opto-fluidic device includes three plates which together bound a number of passages including an interaction passage, an inlet channel including which opens into one of such ends, and two outlet channels which open into the other end of the interaction passage at symmetrically arranged outlet regions. Fluid is caused to flow through the inlet channel into the interaction passage to form a jet stream that flows toward the outlet regions.

Abstract: A novel fiber optic rotary coupler for coupling an optical signal between noncontacting opposing surfaces of moving first and second members, includes an optical fiber with the optical signal propagating therein disposed on a microbending means. The microbending means is formed on the first member opposing surface and induces a plurality of lossy microbends in the optical fiber. A portion of the optical signal laterally propagates therethrough across to the second member's opposing surface to a detector positioned therein.

Abstract: A focused optical input signal is applied to an optically absorbent wall portion of one of two convergent supply nozzles in a fluidic device to reduce the thickness of the flow boundary layer. The boundary layer reduction deflects the combined nozzle discharge to achieve a desired output from the device.

Abstract: An unfocused optical input signal is applied to an optically absorbent wall portion of an interaction region 30 in a fluidic device to effect flow impedance modulation thereat. The flow impedance modulation adjusts the velocity profile of the flow to achieve a desired output from the device.