Abstract: A composition comprising an inert material; a liquid binder; and an odor inhibitor, wherein the odor inhibitor is a salt of an aminopolycarboxylic acid compound. A method for preparing a composition comprising providing an odor inhibitor, wherein the odor inhibitor is a salt of an aminopolycarboxylic acid compound; providing an inert material, wherein the inert material comprises particles having a mean particle size less than 1000 microns; mixing the odor inhibitor the inert material in a high-shear mixer; introducing a liquid binder to the mixer; and mixing the liquid binder, the non-porous inert material and the odor inhibitor until granules form which are 200 to 2500 microns in diameter.

Abstract: Provided are proppants for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. The proppants comprise particles having coatings disposed on them as described herein. The proppants exhibit reduced dust generation, for instance during transloading, conveying and/or offloading of the proppant at a wellsite and/or at intermediate shipping transload points.

Abstract: A process for separating a divinyl hydrocarbon from a composition mixture stream containing at least a divinyl hydrocarbon and other components, the process including (a) passing a composition mixture feed stream containing at least (i) a divinyl hydrocarbon; and (ii) a monovinyl hydrocarbon, and/or (iii) a non-vinyl hydrocarbon through a process-scale chromatography unit; wherein the process scale chromatography unit includes a ligand exchange media comprising a metal adapted to form a ligand with an olefin functionality; wherein the metal of the ligand exchange media is loaded on an adsorbent; and wherein the divinyl hydrocarbon is adsorbed onto the ligand exchange media; (b) passing a weak first elution solvent through the unit to elute the monovinyl hydrocarbon and/or the non-vinyl hydrocarbon from the unit; (c) passing a strong second elution solvent through the unit to elute the divinyl hydrocarbon product stream from the unit; and (d) recovering the divinyl hydrocarbon product stream having been separa

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a halogenated rare earth element oxide catalyst, wherein the used dehydration catalyst may be regenerated by a halogenation step. The rare earth element oxide is an oxide of a light rare earth element, an oxide of a medium rare earth element, an oxide of a heavy rare earth element, an oxide of yttrium, or a mixtures of two or more thereof.

Abstract: A process for recovering a divinylarene dioxide from a crude feed stream comprising the steps of: (a) providing an effluent reaction stream containing at least one divinylarene dioxide product and other compounds; and (b) separating/recovering the divinylarene dioxide product from the other compounds of the reaction effluent from step (a); wherein the percent recovery of the divinylarene dioxide product recovered comprises greater than about 85 percent; and wherein the percent purity of the divinylarene dioxide product recovered comprises greater than about 85 percent.

Abstract: A process for recovering a divinylarene dioxide from a crude feed stream comprising the steps of: (a) providing an effluent reaction stream containing at least one divinylarene dioxide product and other compounds; and (b) separating/recovering the divinylarene dioxide product from the other compounds of the reaction effluent from step (a); wherein the percent recovery of the divinylarene dioxide product recovered comprises greater than about 85 percent; and wherein the percent purity of the divinylarene dioxide product recovered comprises greater than about 85 percent.

Abstract: Modifying agents, e.g., a poly(sulfonyl) azide, are attached to a substrate surface, e.g., the surface of a polyolefin particle, by a process comprising the steps of: A. Contacting in an open contact zone and under a flow of inert gas a substrate with a modifying agent, binding agent, e.g., a phenolic-based antioxidant, and a liquid mixing agent, e.g., methylene chloride, to form a substrate mixture; B. Closing the contact zone and stopping the flow of inert gas to the contact zone; C. Agitating the substrate mixture under the inert gas in the closed contact zone to commence evaporation of the liquid mixing agent; D. Reducing the temperature and pressure of the closed contact zone while continuing to agitate the substrate mixture; and E. Completing the substantial evaporation of the mixing agent from the substrate mixture by opening the contact zone and initiating an inert gas flow while continuing agitation of the substrate mixture and maintaining a reduced pressure.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. The mixture is stripped to recover dichlorohydrin(s) while distilling or fractionating the mixture to separate a lower boiling fraction comprising dichlorohydrin(s) from the mixture in one step. Advantages include more efficient recovery of dichlorohydrins for a given distillation column, less waste due to avoiding the conditions conducive to the formation of heavy byproducts, and reduced capital investment in recovery equipment.

Abstract: A process for preparing a divinylarene oxide including (a) reacting (i) at least one divinylarene; (ii) at least one peroxycarboximidic acid; (iii) at least one solvent; and (iv) at least one basic compound, under reaction conditions to form a reaction effluent containing a divinylarene oxide product; and then (b) evaporating the reaction effluent of step (a) to form a concentrate containing the divinylarene oxide product; and wherein the concentrate separates into two liquid phases.

Abstract: A multiple liquid phase composition and process for preparing an oxirane product, such as epichlorohydrin, including a reaction mixture of: (a) at least one olefin, wherein the olefin is selected from one of (i) an aliphatic olefin or substituted aliphatic olefin, with the proviso that the aliphatic olefin is not propylene, (ii) a cycloaliphatic olefin, (iii) an aromatic olefin, (iv) a cycloaromatic olefin, and (v) mixtures thereof; (b) at least one peroxide compound, (c) at least one catalyst, and (d) and a solvent mixture; wherein the solvent mixture comprises at least (i) at least one alcohol or a combination of alcohols, and (ii) at least one non-reactive co-solvent; wherein the solvents are mixed at a predetermined concentration; wherein the non-reactive co-solvent has a different boiling point than the oxirane product; and wherein the oxirane product partitions into a high affinity solvent during the reaction.

Abstract: A process for preparing a divinylarene dioxide including reacting (a) at least one divinylarene; (b) at least one peroxycarboximidic acid; (c) at least one solvent; and (d) at least one basic compound, under conditions to form a reaction mixture containing a divinylarene dioxide product; and then separating the divinylarene dioxide product from the other reaction mixture components to obtain a purified divinylarene dioxide product.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. The mixture is distilled or fractionated to separate a lower boiling fraction comprising dichlorohydrin(s) from the mixture to form a higher boiling fraction comprising the residue of the distillation or fractionation. The higher boiling fraction is stripped to recover remaining dichlorohydrins. Advantages include more efficient recovery of dichlorohydrins for a given distillation column, less waste due to avoiding the conditions conducive to the formation of heavy byproducts, and reduced capital investment in recovery equipment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, water, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. A liquid aqueous phase is recycled to the distillation column while distilling or fractionating the mixture to separate dichlorohydrin(s) and water from the mixture. Advantages include more efficient recovery of dichlorohydrins for a given distillation column, less waste due to avoiding the conditions conducive to the formation of heavy byproducts, and reduced capital investment in recovery equipment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. The mixture is distilled or fractionated to separate a lower boiling fraction comprising dichlorohydrin(s) from the mixture to form a higher boiling fraction comprising the residue of the distillation or fractionation. The higher boiling fraction is distilled or fractionated to separate remaining dichlorohydrin(s) from the above mixture to form an even higher boiling fraction comprising the residue of the distillation or fractionation. At least some of the lower boiling fraction and the dichlorohydrin(s) are recovered.

Abstract: A process for preparing a divinylarene oxide including (a) reacting (i) at least one divinylarene; (ii) at least one peroxycarboximidic acid; (iii) at least one solvent; and (iv) at least one basic compound, under reaction conditions to form a reaction of fluent containing a divinylarene oxide product; and then (b) evaporating the reaction effluent of step (a) to form a concentrate containing the divinylarene oxide product; and wherein the concentrate separates into two liquid phases.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing chlorohydrin comprising reacting a multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon-containing stream with a stream of a first effluent exiting from a hydrochlorination reactor in at least one vessel wherein the vessel exhibits a plug flow residence time characteristic, under conditions such that at least a portion of any unreacted HCl component present in the first effluent is reacted with the multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon present in the multihydroxylated aliphatic hydrogen-containing stream to from an amount of monochlorohydrin in a stream of a second effluent exiting from the plug flow vessel; recovering said second effluent; and then optionally using the second effluent from the plug flow reactor in a subsequent processing operation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. The mixture is stripped to recover dichlorohydrin(s) while distilling or fractionating the mixture to separate a lower boiling fraction comprising dichlorohydrin(s) from the mixture in one step. Advantages include more efficient recovery of dichlorohydrins for a given distillation column, less waste due to avoiding the conditions conducive to the formation of heavy byproducts, and reduced capital investment in recovery equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting a multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon or ester thereof to a chlorohydrin, by contacting the multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon or ester thereof starting material with a source of hydrogen chloride at superatmospheric, atmospheric and subatmospheric pressure conditions for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature, preferably wherein such contracting step is carried out without substantial removal of water, to produce the desired chlorohydrin product; wherein the desired product or products can be made in high yield without substantial formation of undesired overchlorinated byproducts; said process carried out without a step undertaken to specifically remove volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon by-products or chloroacetone, wherein the combined concentration of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon by-products and chloroacetone is less than 2000 ppm throughout any stage of the said process.

Abstract: A process for producing epoxide, the process including contacting an organic phase including at least one halohydrin(s) with at least one aqueous phase including a base in a plug-flow mixer/reactor system to disperse the organic phase in the aqueous phase via a mixing device imparting a power-to-mass ratio of at least 0.2 W/kg to convert at least a portion of the at least one halohydrin to an epoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting a multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon or ester thereof to a chlorohydrin, by contacting the multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon or ester thereof starting material with a source of hydrogen chloride at superatmospheric, atmospheric and subatmospheric pressure conditions for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature, preferably wherein such contracting step is carried out without substantial removal of water, to produce the desired chlorohydrin product; wherein the desired product or products can be made in high yield without substantial formation of undesired overchlorinated byproducts; said process carried out without a step undertaken to specifically remove volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon by-products or chloroacetone, wherein the combined concentration of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon by-products and chloroacetone is less than 2000 ppm throughout any stage of the said process.