Abstract: A method for pretreatment of a quantity of fly ash for use in a cementitious composition containing an air entrainment agent. An effective amount of an aromatic carboxylic acid or its salts is added to the fly ash to satiate unburned carbon in the ash. The treatment with the aromatic carboxylic acid (or hydroxy substituted aromatic carboxylic acid or its salts) does not significantly promote or retard the air entrainment functions of the air entrainment agent.

Abstract: A method for pretreatment of a quantity of fly ash for use in a cementitious composition containing an air entrainment agent. An effective amount of an aromatic carboxylic acid or its salts is added to the fly ash to satiate unburned carbon in the ash. The treatment with the aromatic carboxylic acid (or hydroxy substituted aromatic carboxylic acid or its salts) does not significantly promote or retard the air entrainment functions of the air entrainment agent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for injecting material into a waste sludge lagoon and mixing the material in the lagoon to solidify and stabilize the waste in-situ. The apparatus includes a slotted bucket adapted to be secured to the articulated arm of a backhoe or like equipment. The bucket has a manifold in the upper interior portion thereof which is coupled to a source of the additive or reagent material to be dispensed under pressure. In a preferred embodiment the material is a dry powder which is dispensed pneumatically through the manifold into the bucket and the waste as the bucket is moved back and forth through the waste lagoon. The manifold preferably is a cylinder having mutually spaced holes, slots or nozzles. The bucket also may have a vane structure across the scoop opening for further agitation of the sludge as it enters or leaves the bucket.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for injecting material into a waste sludge lagoon and mixing the material in the lagoon to solidify and stabilize the waste in-situ. The apparatus includes a slotted bucket adapted to be secured to the articulated arm of a backhoe or like equipment. The bucket has a manifold in the upper interior portion thereof which is coupled to a source of the additive or reagent material to be dispensed under pressure. In a preferred embodiment the material is a dry powder which is dispensed pneumatically through the manifold into the bucket and the waste as the bucket is moved back and forth through the waste lagoon. The manifold preferably is a cylinder having mutually spaced holes, slots or nozzles. The bucket also may have a vane structure across the scoop opening for further agitation of the sludge as it enters or leaves the bucket.

Abstract: A two-part road base stabilization mix consists of lime kiln dust made from non-dolomitic or high calcium limestone having 10% or less magnesium oxide in the final product, is combined with an aggregate employing from 3 to 30% by weight of lime kiln dust, and the remaining weight consisting of aggregate.