Abstract: A method includes forming a bone tunnel through a first bone and a second bone and inserting a flexible construct through the bone tunnel. The flexible construct includes a first anchoring element and a second anchoring element coupled by at least one flexible strand defining an adjustable loop. The at least one flexible strand includes a first end extending from the first anchoring element in an opposite direction from the adjustable loop. A length of the adjustable loop is adjusted to position the first bone and the second bone in a selected spacing. The first end of the at least one flexible strand is coupled to a tissue section using a third anchoring element.

Abstract: A method includes forming a bone tunnel through a first bone and a second bone and inserting a flexible construct through the bone tunnel. The flexible construct includes a first anchoring element and a second anchoring element coupled by at least one flexible strand defining an adjustable loop. The at least one flexible strand includes a first end extending from the first anchoring element in an opposite direction from the adjustable loop. A length of the adjustable loop is adjusted to position the first bone and the second bone in a selected spacing. The first end of the at least one flexible strand is coupled to a tissue section using a third anchoring element.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: A method includes forming a bone tunnel through a first bone and a second bone and inserting a flexible construct through the bone tunnel. The flexible construct includes a first anchoring element and a second anchoring element coupled by at least one flexible strand defining an adjustable loop. The at least one flexible strand includes a first end extending from the first anchoring element in an opposite direction from the adjustable loop. A length of the adjustable loop is adjusted to position the first bone and the second bone in a selected spacing. The first end of the at least one flexible strand is coupled to a tissue section using a third anchoring element.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: A method includes forming a bone tunnel through a first bone and a second bone and inserting a flexible construct through the bone tunnel. The flexible construct includes a first anchoring element and a second anchoring element coupled by at least one flexible strand defining an adjustable loop. The at least one flexible strand includes a first end extending from the first anchoring element in an opposite direction from the adjustable loop. A length of the adjustable loop is adjusted to position the first bone and the second bone in a selected spacing. The first end of the at least one flexible strand is coupled to a tissue section using a third anchoring element.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: A method includes forming a bone tunnel through a first bone and a second bone and inserting a flexible construct through the bone tunnel. The flexible construct includes a first anchoring element and a second anchoring element coupled by at least one flexible strand defining an adjustable loop. The at least one flexible strand includes a first end extending from the first anchoring element in an opposite direction from the adjustable loop. A length of the adjustable loop is adjusted to position the first bone and the second bone in a selected spacing. The first end of the at least one flexible strand is coupled to a tissue section using a third anchoring element.

Abstract: A method includes forming a bone tunnel through a first bone and a second bone and inserting a flexible construct through the bone tunnel. The flexible construct includes a first anchoring element and a second anchoring element coupled by at least one flexible strand defining an adjustable loop. The at least one flexible strand includes a first end extending from the first anchoring element in an opposite direction from the adjustable loop. A length of the adjustable loop is adjusted to position the first bone and the second bone in a selected spacing. The first end of the at least one flexible strand is coupled to a tissue section using a third anchoring element.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: A method includes forming a bone tunnel through a first bone and a second bone and inserting a flexible construct through the bone tunnel. The flexible construct includes a first anchoring element and a second anchoring element coupled by at least one flexible strand defining an adjustable loop. The at least one flexible strand includes a first end extending from the first anchoring element in an opposite direction from the adjustable loop. A length of the adjustable loop is adjusted to position the first bone and the second bone in a selected spacing. The first end of the at least one flexible strand is coupled to a tissue section using a third anchoring element.

Abstract: An implant includes a curved first plate section having a curvature about a longitudinal axis extending in a longitudinal direction. The first plate section has a first hole and a second hole. The first hole and the second hole are positioned to receive respective bone screws for attaching the implant to a first curved surface of a bone having a syndesmosis. A second plate section extends continuously from the first plate section. The second plate section has at least a third hole that is positioned to be offset from the first hole and the second hole in a direction that is anterior or posterior from the first hole and the second hole in a case where the longitudinal axis is aligned along a superior-inferior direction. The third hole is configured to receive at least one screw or at least one button for holding a suture at a position offset from the first line segment hole and the second hole in the anterior or posterior direction, for reducing the syndesmosis.

Abstract: Certain nanocrystals possess exceptional optical properties that may make them valuable probes for biological imaging, but rendering these nanoparticles biocompatible requires that they be small enough not to perturb cellular systems. This invention describes a phosphorescent upconverting sub-10 nm nanoparticle comprising a lanthanide-doped hexagonal ?-phase NaYF4 nanocrystal and methods for making the same.

Abstract: Certain nanocrystals possess exceptional optical properties that may make them valuable probes for biological imaging, but rendering these nanoparticles biocompatible requires that they be small enough not to perturb cellular systems. This invention describes a phosphorescent upconverting sub-10 nm nanoparticle comprising a lanthanide-doped hexagonal ?-phase NaYF4 nanocrystal and methods for making the same.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention describe the synthesis of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), lanthanide-doped hexagonal ?-phase sodium yttrium fluoride NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3 nanocrystals, less than 10 nanometers in diameter that are over an order of magnitude brighter under single-particle imaging conditions than existing compositions, allowing visualization of single UCNPs as small (d=4.8 nm) as fluorescent proteins. We use Advanced single-particle characterization and theoretical modeling is demonstrated to find that surface effects become critical at diameters under 20 nm, and that the fluences used in single-molecule imaging change the dominant determinants of nanocrystal brightness. These results demonstrate that factors known to increase brightness in bulk experiments lose importance at higher excitation powers, and that, paradoxically, the brightest probes under single-molecule excitation are barely luminescent at the ensemble level.

Abstract: Provided are caged NADP and NAD compounds. The invention includes two types of caged NAD and NADP (NAD/P) analogs, each type having a different caging group binding at a different site on the molecule: Phosphate-caged DMNPE-NAD/P and nicotinamide-caged CNB-NAD/P. Both types of caged molecules are designed to be inactive in their caged configurations and activated upon photolysis of the caging group. In some applications, the different types of caged compounds may exhibit biochemically distinct activities. For example, "catalytically caged" NAD/P compounds according to the present invention may bind to an enzyme but not allow turnover prior to photolytic activation. This type of compound has the advantage, when used as a photolytic trigger for time-resolved studies, that it is bound to the enzyme active site prior to photolysis so that no additional diffusion or binding events are necessary to form the Michaelis complex.