Abstract: Media are described herein for the degradation and/or remediation of ammonium, ammonium containing contaminants and/or fluorochemicals. A medium, in some embodiments, comprises an electron donor, an electron acceptor comprising iron particles having a polymeric coating, and a Feammox bacterium and/or one or more enzymes capable of oxidizing the electron donor coupled with reduction of Fe(III) of the iron particles to Fe(II). The electron donor, in some embodiments, comprises ammonium, an ammonium containing compound, and/or molecular hydrogen. The medium, in some embodiments, further comprises a fluorochemical component, and the Feammox bacterium and/or one or more enzymes exhibit reductive dehalogenase activity capable of fluorochemical degradation in conjunction with oxidation of the electron donor and electron transfer to the electron acceptor.

Abstract: Lithium ion battery cathode material recycling methods and systems are disclosed. The methods can include plasma-assisted separation, which can simultaneously purify the surface of particles of used or damaged cathode material and isolate larger microparticles from smaller nanoparticles, which produces one group having a desired particle morphology and another group lacking the desired particle morphology. These two groups of particles (when present) are further processed using a micro-molten shell process that generates a molten shell of lithium precursors, with optional chemistry enhancing additives, and employs a thermal/plasma treatment to relithiate the particles, restore morphology to particles lacking the desired morphology, and to upgrade the cathode chemistry when additives are included. The relithiation and morphology restoration are primarily employed on used or damaged materials, whereas the chemistry enhancing/upgrading can be employed on new and used materials.

Abstract: Lithium ion battery cathode material recycling methods and systems are disclosed. The methods can include plasma-assisted separation, which can simultaneously purify the surface of particles of used or damaged cathode material and isolate larger microparticles from smaller nanoparticles, which produces one group having a desired particle morphology and another group lacking the desired particle morphology. These two groups of particles (when present) are further processed using a micro-molten shell process that generates a molten shell of lithium precursors, with optional chemistry enhancing additives, and employs a thermal/plasma treatment to relithiate the particles, restore morphology to particles lacking the desired morphology, and to upgrade the cathode chemistry when additives are included. The relithiation and morphology restoration are primarily employed on used or damaged materials, whereas the chemistry enhancing/upgrading can be employed on new and used materials.

Abstract: A method for fabricating or prototyping a nanoscale object is disclosed. The method includes defining a sequence of nanolayers that represent the nanoscale object, constructing a current nanolayer on a first surface, and depositing a sacrificial layer to cover the first surface but not the nanolayer. The nanolayer represents a slice of the nanoscale object. The nanolayer and the sacrificial layer provide a second surface on which a next nanolayer is constructed. The above construction and deposition steps are repeated if the next nanolayer is not the last nanolayer. The method also includes removing the sacrificial layers to produce the nanoscale object.