Abstract: A method for vaporizing organic materials onto a surface, to form a film includes providing a quantity of organic material in a fluidized powdered form; metering the powdered organic material and directing a stream of such fluidized powder onto a first member; heating the first member so that as the stream of fluidized powder is vaporized; collecting the vaporized organic material in a manifold; and providing a second member formed with at least one aperture in communication with the manifold that permits the vaporized organic material to be directed onto the surface to form a film.

Abstract: A method for vaporizing organic materials onto a substrate surface to form a film including providing a quantity of organic material into a vaporization apparatus and actively maintaining the organic material in a first heating region in the vaporization apparatus to be below the vaporization temperature. The method also includes heating a second heating region of the vaporization apparatus above the vaporization temperature of the organic material and metering, at a controlled rate, organic material from the first heating region into the second heating region so that a thin cross section of the organic material is heated at a desired rate-dependent vaporization temperature, whereby organic material vaporizes and forms a film on the substrate surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for vaporization of powdered material, includes one or more containers each containing possibly distinct powdered materials each having at least one component; a structure for fluidizing the powdered material in each container; a vaporization zone that is thermally isolated from at least one of the containers; a transporting structure for receiving fluidized powdered material from each container and delivering such fluidized powdered materials to the vaporization zone; and vaporizing the delivered powdered materials at the vaporization zone by applying heat.

Abstract: An apparatus, and a method for its use, for measuring particulate contamination on a web (10) in a web-cleaning system having means for contacting and removing particles from the web (12). The means for contacting and removing particles has a particle-collecting surface (14). A light source (16) is positioned to direct a light beam against the particle-collecting surface. A sensor (18) senses the intensity of light reflected from the particle collecting surface and generates a signal R.sub.0 representative of the initial reflected light intensity prior to particle collection by the particle collecting surface and a signal R.sub.f representative of the reflected light intensity after particle collection by the particle collecting surface, the difference between R.sub.0 and R.sub.f being a measure of the particulate contamination level on the web.

Abstract: A beam scanning galvanometer is disclosed which oscillates a mirror in a non-resonant mode. The moving parts of the galvanometer are made with as small a moment of inertia as possible because the mirror is oscillated in a non-resonant mode. The galvanometer uses two sets of crossed leaf-springs to support the mirror instead of bearings which are usually used in non-resonant galvanometers. Each of the sets of leaf-springs is formed of a single strip of cold rolled stainless steel. The springs are embedded in uniquely shaped cavities in a permanent magnet that supports the mirror at a distance very close to an axis of rotation of the mirror. The mirror is specially shaped with beveled edges so that its moment of inertia is low and so that it can oscillate in very close proximity to a driving current coil which surrounds the mirror supporting magnet. A magnetic position sensor is used to detect as angular position of the mirror during operation of the galvanometer.

Abstract: A web spooling mechanism has a chuck that is coupled to a spool for rotating the spool to wind a length of web material onto the spool. Torque is transmitted from a drive shaft to the chuck through a spring coupled to the shaft and the chuck. A transducer measures the angular relationship between the shaft and the chuck throughout a range of relative angular positions therebetween. The transducer provides a signal indicative of that angular relationship, and the signal is transmitted to a controller that regulates the torque applied by the drive shaft. The position of the chuck relative to the drive shaft during web winding operation is a function of tension transients in the web. Since the system adjusts the torque of the drive shaft as a function of the angular relationship of the chuck and drive shaft, the system is effective to reduce tension transients in the web being wound onto the spool.

Abstract: A transducer measures the angular relationship between a drive and a driven member throughout a range of relative angular positions therebetween. The transducer provides a signal indicative of that angular relationship, and the signal can be transmitted to a controller that regulates the torque applied by the drive shaft. The transducer can be used in a web spooling apparatus where the position of the driven member relative to the drive shaft during web winding operation is a function of tension transients in the web. The transducer enables the system to adjust the torque of the drive shaft as a function of the angular relationship of the driven member and drive shaft so that the system can reduce tension transients in the web being wound onto the spool.