Abstract: In a partially interconnected topological network having at least six topological nodes, a topological node being a single physical node or a group of interconnected physical nodes or part of a physical node or a group of interconnected physical nodes and parts of physical nodes, each topological node having at least three point-to-point topological links connecting it to some, but not all, of the plurality of topological nodes, there is at least one choice of routing between any two topological nodes, where the choice of routing is either two point-to-point topological links connected in series at another of the topological nodes or a direct point-to-point topological link between the two topological nodes.

Abstract: In a partially interconnected topological network having at least six Topological Nodes, a Topological Node being a single Physical Node or a group of interconnected Physical Nodes or part of a Physical Node or a group of interconnected Physical Nodes and parts of Physical Nodes, each Topological Node having at least three point-to-point Topological Links connecting it to some but not all of the plurality of Topological Nodes and there being at least one Choice of routing between any two Topological Nodes, where a Choice of routing is either two point-to-point Topological Links connected in series at another of the Topological Nodes or a direct point-to-point Topological Link between the two Topological Nodes.