Abstract: A memory system includes a memory array including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller coupled to the memory array, the controller configured to: determine a target profile including distribution targets, wherein each of the distribution targets represent a program-verify target corresponding to a logic value for the memory cells, determine a feedback measure based on implementing a processing level for processing data, and dynamically generate an updated target based on adjusting the program-verify target according to the feedback measure.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes apparatuses, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums for generation and application of gray codes. One example method comprises: selecting a particular N-bit member as a root member for a plurality of N-bit gray codes each comprising X members such that each of the plurality of N-bit gray codes comprise a same root member; and generating X?1 remaining members of the respective plurality of N-bit gray codes by performing X?1 member generation iterations, wherein each ith iteration of the X?1 member generation iterations generates respective ith members of the plurality of N-bit gray codes based on ith?1 members, with each one of the respective ith members comprising only those eligible neighbor members of a respective one of the ith?1 members, and with “i” being a whole number index from 1 to X?1.

Abstract: A system uses multi-level encoding where each symbol of a plurality of symbols represents more than one bit of information in a user data symbol stream for transfer using a multilevel transmission channel. The user data symbols are represented in a digital bitwise form such that each symbol is presented as a plurality of bits and each bit is subject to a different probability of error. An error correction procedure is applied based on the different error probability that is associated with each bit in the plurality. The channel can be configured to support a mosaic tile structure, each tile containing a channel symbol such that a selected tile has a collective error probability that is different from other tiles. Customized coding can be applied to the tile structure to allocate a selected amount of error correction power to the selected tile based on an overall available correction power.

Abstract: A system uses multi-level encoding where each symbol of a plurality of symbols represents more than one bit of information in a user data symbol stream for transfer using a multilevel transmission channel. The user data symbols are represented in a digital bitwise form such that each symbol is presented as a plurality of bits and each bit is subject to a different probability of error. An error correction procedure is applied based on the different error probability that is associated with each bit in the plurality. The channel can be configured to support a mosaic tile structure, each tile containing a channel symbol such that a selected tile has a collective error probability that is different from other tiles. Customized coding can be applied to the tile structure to allocate a selected amount of error correction power to the selected tile based on an overall available correction power.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed, including a method of programming involving determining an error rate for the memory cells, and programming the memory cells using a charge state level for a charge state that is based at least in part on the determined error rate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an encoder reads a set of data from memory cells to obtain retrieved data influenced by one or more distortion mechanisms as a result of having been stored. A quality metric is generated responsive to the retrieved data that changes in value responsive to differences between the user data and the associated retrieved data. A quality monitor establishes a relationship between a current value of the quality metric and a threshold value and monitors the relationship as being indicative of a degradation of the quality of the retrieved data, and selectively initiates an error response. In another embodiment, a correction value is iterated through a set of values as a quality metric is monitored such that the value of the quality metric which most closely approaches the value of the quality metric immediately subsequent to an initial writing of the data can be selected.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed, including a method of programming involving determining an error rate for the memory cells, and programming the memory cells using a charge state level for a charge state that is based at least in part on the determined error rate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed, including a method of programming involving determining an error rate for the memory cells, and programming the memory cells using a charge state level for a charge state that is based at least in part on the determined error rate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an encoder reads a set of data from memory cells to obtain retrieved data influenced by one or more distortion mechanisms as a result of having been stored. A quality metric is generated responsive to the retrieved data that changes in value responsive to differences between the user data and the associated retrieved data. A quality monitor establishes a relationship between a current value of the quality metric and a threshold value and monitors the relationship as being indicative of a degradation of the quality of the retrieved data, and selectively initiates an error response. In another embodiment, a correction value is iterated through a set of values as a quality metric is monitored such that the value of the quality metric which most closely approaches the value of the quality metric immediately subsequent to an initial writing of the data can be selected.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an encoder reads a set of data from memory cells to obtain retrieved data influenced by one or more distortion mechanisms as a result of having been stored. A quality metric is generated responsive to the retrieved data that changes in value responsive to differences between the user data and the associated retrieved data. A quality monitor establishes a relationship between a current value of the quality metric and a threshold value and monitors the relationship as being indicative of a degradation of the quality of the retrieved data, and selectively initiates an error response. In another embodiment, a correction value is iterated through a set of values as a quality metric is monitored such that the value of the quality metric which most closely approaches the value of the quality metric immediately subsequent to an initial writing of the data can be selected.

Abstract: A system uses multi-level encoding where each symbol of a plurality of symbols represents more than one bit of information in a user data symbol stream for transfer using a multilevel transmission channel. The user data symbols are represented in a digital bitwise form such that each symbol is presented as a plurality of bits and each bit is subject to a different probability of error. An error correction procedure is applied based on the different error probability that is associated with each bit in the plurality. The channel can be configured to support a mosaic tile structure, each tile containing a channel symbol such that a selected tile has a collective error probability that is different from other tiles. Customized coding can be applied to the tile structure to allocate a selected amount of error correction power to the selected tile based on an overall available correction power.

Abstract: A system uses multi-level encoding where each symbol of a plurality of symbols represents more than one bit of information in a user data symbol stream for transfer using a multilevel transmission channel. The user data symbols are represented in a digital bitwise form such that each symbol is presented as a plurality of bits and each bit is subject to a different probability of error. An error correction procedure is applied based on the different error probability that is associated with each bit in the plurality. The channel can be configured to support a mosaic tile structure, each tile containing a channel symbol such that a selected tile has a collective error probability that is different from other tiles. Customized coding can be applied to the tile structure to allocate a selected amount of error correction power to the selected tile based on an overall available correction power.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an encoder reads a set of data from memory cells to obtain retrieved data influenced by one or more distortion mechanisms as a result of having been stored. A quality metric is generated responsive to the retrieved data that changes in value responsive to differences between the user data and the associated retrieved data. A quality monitor establishes a relationship between a current value of the quality metric and a threshold value and monitors the relationship as being indicative of a degradation of the quality of the retrieved data, and selectively initiates an error response. In another embodiment, a correction value is iterated through a set of values as a quality metric is monitored such that the value of the quality metric which most closely approaches the value of the quality metric immediately subsequent to an initial writing of the data can be selected.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an encoder reads a set of data from memory cells to obtain retrieved data influenced by one or more distortion mechanisms as a result of having been stored. A quality metric is generated responsive to the retrieved data that changes in value responsive to differences between the user data and the associated retrieved data. A quality monitor establishes a relationship between a current value of the quality metric and a threshold value and monitors the relationship as being indicative of a degradation of the quality of the retrieved data, and selectively initiates an error response. In another embodiment, a correction value is iterated through a set of values as a quality metric is monitored such that the value of the quality metric which most closely approaches the value of the quality metric immediately subsequent to an initial writing of the data can be selected.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed, including a method of programming involving determining an error rate for the memory cells, and programming the memory cells using a charge state level for a charge state that is based at least in part on the determined error rate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an encoder reads a set of data from memory cells to obtain retrieved data influenced by one or more distortion mechanisms as a result of having been stored. A quality metric is generated responsive to the retrieved data that changes in value responsive to differences between the user data and the associated retrieved data. A quality monitor establishes a relationship between a current value of the quality metric and a threshold value and monitors the relationship as being indicative of a degradation of the quality of the retrieved data, and selectively initiates an error response. In another embodiment, a correction value is iterated through a set of values as a quality metric is monitored such that the value of the quality metric which most closely approaches the value of the quality metric immediately subsequent to an initial writing of the data can be selected.

Abstract: Methods and structures for mapping of logical to physical block addresses within a disk drive to provide independence of the logical block size and the physical disk block size. The independence of the logical and physical block sizes enables numerous beneficial features to improve disk drive capacity, performance and reliability. In one exemplary aspect, indirect mapping table structures and methods map an LBA to an associated IBA representing a block of the same size as the logical block. The IBA is then converted to a corresponding starting quantum unit of data identified by a QA. The QA is, in turn, converted to a disk block identified by a starting DBA and an offset within that DBA. The disk block may be of variable size and is independent of the size of the identified LBA. Numerous other features are enabled by the logical to physical mapping features hereof.

Abstract: Methods and structures for recovering from an off-track position error in a dynamically mapped storage device. In a dynamically mapped storage device data is dynamically mapped to a physical location on the recordable media. Thus, when a write fault occurs, such as an off-track position error, the data may be re-written and re-mapped at a different location on the recordable media. In a dynamically mapped storage device data may be reordered into a sequential stream of contiguous physical data blocks. Random host data blocks may be mapped into sequential physical data blocks on the recordable media. Further, the sequential reordering of the data blocks may ensure that no data is present in tracks or sectors directly ahead of the track of sector being written. Further, the system has the ability to store multiple revolutions of host supplied data within the disk drive memory buffer and maintain the information in memory while writing it to the recordable media.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating for repeatable runout using wide embedded runout correction fields is provided. In one embodiment, a disk surface is provided with a write head associated therewith. The disk surface has a data track having a width. An embedded runout correction (ERC) field is written onto the disk surface, wherein the ERC field has a width that is greater than the width of the data track.

Abstract: In accordance with various embodiments, an angular location of a first servo field along an annular track is determined in relation to a difference between a first code value of the first servo field and a second code value of a second servo field along the track. A radial location of the track is obtained in relation to the determined angular location of the first servo field.