Abstract: A method for treating metabolic disorders in non-infant includes administering to an obese non-infant human during a treatment period an effective amount of a mixture of two or more synthetic neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), difucosyllactose (DFL), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and optionally one or more excipients. The method further includes increasing in the gastrointestinal microbiota of the non-infant human during the treatment period, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and reducing in the non-infant human during the treatment period, a precursor condition for a metabolic disorder associated with development of one or more of obesity-induced pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, the precursor condition selected from gut permeability, metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade metabolic inflammation, and body fat percentage.

Abstract: A method and composition including an effective amount of one or more synthetic neutral HMOs are disclosed for modulating the microbiota in the gastro-intestinal tracts of non-infant humans who are carriers of the human fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) genetic mutation and for improving one or more gastrointestinal conditions.

Abstract: A mixture of human milk oligosaccharides that comprises or consists essentially of a) LNTri II, LNT, pLNH II and optionally lactose, or b) LNTri II, LNnT, pLNnH and optionally lactose, and is useful for preventing or treating viral or bacterial, intestinal and respiratory infections and for modulating the human gastrointestinal microbiota to increase Bifidobacterium abundance. A process for preparing the mixture and methods of crystallizing LNnT and LNT is also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and composition for inducing allergen tolerance in a patient suffering from an atopic allergy or allergic asthma; hence reducing allergy symptoms in these patients.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and composition for balancing the bile acid profile in the intestine of humans, particularly decreasing primary bile acids and/or increasing production of secondary bile acids.

Abstract: A synthetic composition for use in treating or improving one or more emotion and/or mood disorders in a patient, characterised in that the composition contains an effective amount of one or more neutral human milk oligosaccharides, is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) for use in, a synthetic composition comprising an HMO for use in, and a method for the treatment of, secondary prevention of, and/or induction of tolerance to non-coeliac wheat and/or gluten sensitivity in a human.

Abstract: A synthetic mixture of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) consisting essentially of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL), 3?-O-sialyllactose (3?-SL), 6?-O-sialyllactose (6?-SL) either difucosyllactose (DFL) or 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), preferably DFL, and optionally lactose. Said synthetic composition is useful for: treating or preventing viral and/or bacterial infection in a non-infant human; modulating the microbiota of a non-infant human; and/or improving the cognitive function of a non-infant human and as a pharmaceutical or nutritional composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to synthetic mixtures of certain human milk oligosaccharides and uses thereof. Particular mixtures provided herein include: lacto-N-triose II, lacto-N-neotetraose, para-lacto-N-neohexaose, and, optionally, lactose; and lacto-N-triose II, lacto-N-tetraose, para-lacto-N-hexaose II, and, optionally, lactose. These mixtures are useful in the prevention and treatment of viral and bacterial infections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) for use in, a synthetic composition comprising an HMO for use in and a method for preventing, managing or treating postdrome symptoms of migraine, and/or abdominal migraine, and/or the secondary prevention of stress/anxiety induced migraine.

Abstract: A method for reducing nociceptive sensitivity in non-infant humans includes in some examples selecting a non-infant human experiencing a condition and associated nociceptive sensitivity (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome or chronic neuropathic pain). In such examples, the method further includes selecting an effective amount of one or more human milk oligosaccharides (“HMOs”) chosen from the group consisting of 6?-sialyllactose (6?-SL), and a mixture of 6?-SL and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and reducing the nociceptive sensitivity by administering the selected effective amount of the chosen HMOs to the non-infant human during an initial phase. In some examples, the method includes activating GPR35 receptors by administering the effective amount of the chosen one or more HMOs. In some examples, the HMOs are a mixture of 6?-SL and LNT that provides a synergistic effect relative to each of the 6?-SL and LNT alone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) for use in, a synthetic composition comprising an HMO for use in, and a method for prophylactically reducing symptom severity and/or occurrence in a non-coeliac wheat and/or gluten sensitivity patient, and for reducing the severity and/or occurrence of non-gastrointestinal symptoms in the patient.

Abstract: Use of a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), or a nutritional composition comprising a human milk oligosaccharide, to enhance executive function in a non-infant, to prevent and/or reduce the risk of sub-optimal executive function in a non-infant, to manage sub-optimal executive functioning in a non-infant, and/or to improve myelination to mature the pre-frontal cortex region of the brain in a non-infant, as well as synthetic compositions of HMOs and packs comprising at least 14 individual daily doses of an effective amount of at least one HMO for such a use.

Abstract: A method of increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal tract and regulating levels of one or both of tryptophan and serotonin in a non-infant human is disclosed. In some examples, the method is effective for treating migraines. The method includes administering for an initial treatment period an amount of one or more human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from 2?-fucosyllactose (2?-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I), difucosyllactose (DFL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), where the amount is effective to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the gastrointestinal tract of the non-infant human.

Abstract: The application relates to synthetic compositions and methods for preventing or reducing nociception and/or nociceptive sensitivity in a non-infant human. The human is administered a composition comprising 6?-sialyllactose (6?-SL) and/or lacto-N-tetraose (LNT).

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising one or more human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) for use in stimulating the production of butyrate in the gastro-intestinal tract of a non-infant human and obtaining delayed increase in the level of butyrate in the gastro-intestinal tract of the non-infant human, and methods for their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and composition for modulating the microbiota in the gastro-intestinal tracts of non-infant humans, particularly for increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and/or Bifidobacterium bifidum in the gut microbiota of non-infant humans.

Abstract: A synthetic composition and method for use in providing a source of oligosaccharides to a human consuming a low-FODMAP diet, increasing the abundance of bifidobacteria in the colon of a human consuming a low-FODMAP diet, and/or reintroducing FODMAPs into the diet of a human consuming a low-FODMAP diet. The composition contains one or more human milk oligosaccharides.

Abstract: A composition and associated packs and methods for (i) promoting gastrointestinal barrier healing in the upper intestinal tract and/or small intestine of a non-infant human suffering from chronic intestinal barrier inflammation, and/or (ii) maintaining remission in the upper intestinal tract and small intestine of a non-infant human suffering from chronic intestinal barrier inflammation. The composition contains an effective amount of a combination of 6?-sialyllactose (6?-SL) and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT).

Abstract: The application relates to synthetic compositions containing one or more human milk oligosaccharides for treating serotonin and/or tryptophan dysregulation.