Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, apparatuses, computer readable media and systems for providing, along with a token, a token assurance level and data used to generate the token assurance level. At the time a token is issued, one or more Identification and Verification (ID&V) methods may be performed to ensure that the token is replacing a PAN that was legitimately used by a token requestor. A token assurance level may be assigned to a given token in light of the type of ID&V that is performed and the entity performing the ID&V. Different ID&Vs may result in different token assurance levels. An issuer may wish to know the level of assurance and the data used in generating the level of assurance associated with a token prior to authorizing a payment transaction that uses the token.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, apparatuses, computer readable media and systems for providing, along with a token, a token assurance level and data used to generate the token assurance level. At the time a token is issued, one or more Identification and Verification (ID&V) methods may be performed to ensure that the token is replacing a PAN that was legitimately used by a token requestor. A token assurance level may be assigned to a given token in light of the type of ID&V that is performed and the entity performing the ID&V. Different ID&Vs may result in different token assurance levels. An issuer may wish to know the level of assurance and the data used in generating the level of assurance associated with a token prior to authorizing a payment transaction that uses the token.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, apparatuses, computer readable media and systems for providing, along with a token, a token assurance level and data used to generate the token assurance level. At the time a token is issued, one or more Identification and Verification (ID&V) methods may be performed to ensure that the token is replacing a PAN that was legitimately used by a token requestor. A token assurance level may be assigned to a given token in light of the type of ID&V that is performed and the entity performing the ID&V. Different ID&Vs may result in different token assurance levels. An issuer may wish to know the level of assurance and the data used in generating the level of assurance associated with a token prior to authorizing a payment transaction that uses the token.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, apparatuses, computer readable media and systems for providing, along with a token, a token assurance level and data used to generate the token assurance level. At the time a token is issued, one or more Identification and Verification (ID&V) methods may be performed to ensure that the token is replacing a PAN that was legitimately used by a token requestor. A token assurance level may be assigned to a given token in light of the type of ID&V that is performed and the entity performing the ID&V. Different ID&Vs may result in different token assurance levels. An issuer may wish to know the level of assurance and the data used in generating the level of assurance associated with a token prior to authorizing a payment transaction that uses the token.

Abstract: A Chip Authentication Program based on 3-D Secure protocols is provided for authenticating customers' on-line transactions. An issuer, who may be a payment card issuer, operates Access Control and Authentication Request Servers for authenticating transactions by individual customers who are identified by their personal EMV-complaint smart cards. An authentication token is generated at the point of interaction (POI) for each transaction based on information from the customer's smart card and transaction specific information sent directly by the issuer to populate a web page at the POI. Authentication tokens generated at the POI are evaluated by the Authentication Request Server to authenticate individual customer and/or card presence at the transaction POI. Authentication values are transported on-line in designated Universal Cardholder Authentication Fields consistent with 3-D Secure protocols.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, apparatuses, computer readable media and systems for providing, along with a token, a token assurance level and data used to generate the token assurance level. At the time a token is issued, one or more Identification and Verification (ID&V) methods may be performed to ensure that the token is replacing a PAN that was legitimately used by a token requestor. A token assurance level may be assigned to a given token in light of the type of ID&V that is performed and the entity performing the ID&V. Different ID&Vs may result in different token assurance levels. An issuer may wish to know the level of assurance and the data used in generating the level of assurance associated with a token prior to authorizing a payment transaction that uses the token.

Abstract: Compositions containing metal ions bound into a titanate are described which have demonstrated an ability to suppress bacterial growth of a number of organisms associated with periodontal disease and caries.

Abstract: A system and computer-based method for performing a financial transaction using an interchange computer coupled to a database, the interchange computer and database associated with an interchange network, the transaction initiated by a cardholder with a merchant. The method includes receiving, at the interchange computer, a payer authentication request message from the merchant, the payer authentication request message associated with the cardholder and including data representing at least one of transaction card brands supported for payment, a response time limit, and item purchase information. The cardholder is prompted to enter access credential information. The entered access credential information is verified at the interchange computer. The cardholder is prompted to select a transaction card from one or more transaction cards associated with the cardholder.

Abstract: A hexagonal shaped light housing that allows for the removable interconnection of multiple housings through the use of connectors, such as grip, bolts, locking pegs, mating grooves and or screws.

Abstract: Compositions containing metal ions bound into a titanate are described which have demonstrated an ability to suppress bacterial growth of a number of organisms associated with periodontal disease and caries.

Abstract: Endodontic fibers comprising a biocompatible polymer vehicle permeable to medicaments, or combinations of medicaments, wherein the biocompatible polymer vehicle comprises one or more biocompatible and/or biodegradable polymers are described. Such fibers can be used, for example, in a method for the local delivery and sustained release of medicaments to periodontal or intracanal treatment sites. Endodontic fibers described include periodontal fibers and intracanal fibers.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful in restorative dentistry are disclosed. Compositions of the present invention include a peptide, and a polymer matrix. The peptide is one capable of reacting with a source of mineralizing ions to initiate deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals within the polymer matrix. Compositions of the present invention are uniquely capable of sealing a junction between a dental restorative material and adjacent native tooth tissue.

Abstract: A system and computer-based method for performing a financial transaction using an interchange computer coupled to a database, the interchange computer and database associated with an interchange network, the transaction initiated by a cardholder with a merchant. The method includes receiving, at the interchange computer, a payer authentication request message from the merchant, the payer authentication request message associated with the cardholder and including data representing at least one of transaction card brands supported for payment, a response time limit, and item purchase information. The cardholder is prompted to enter access credential information. The entered access credential information is verified at the interchange computer. The cardholder is prompted to select a transaction card from one or more transaction cards associated with the cardholder.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a class of compounds comprising peptides of the sequence (X-Y-Z)n, wherein X is an amino acid selected from aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, alanine and glutamine, and Y and Z are amino acids selected from alanine, serine, threonine, phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and their derivatives. These compounds have the property of binding tightly and specifically to calcified surfaces, making them useful for a variety of applications including remineralization of tooth and bone surfaces, diagnosis of bone and tooth defects, treatment of bone and tooth defects, and analysis of the presence and location of calcified deposits both in vitro and in vivo and in industrial, synthetic, medical, dental, and research applications where identification, localization, or manipulation of calcification is desirable.

Abstract: A Chip Authentication Program based on 3-D Secure protocols is provided for authenticating customers' on-line transactions. An issuer, who may be a payment card issuer, operates Access Control and Authentication Request Servers for authenticating transactions by individual customers who are identified by their personal EMV-complaint smart cards. An authentication token is generated at the point of interaction (POI) for each transaction based on information from the customer's smart card and transaction specific information sent directly by the issuer to populate a web page at the POI. Authentication tokens generated at the POI are evaluated by the Authentication Request Server to authenticate individual customer and/or card presence at the transaction POI. Authentication values are transported on-line in designated Universal Cardholder Authentication Fields consistent with 3-D Secure protocols.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful in restorative dentistry are disclosed. Compositions of the present invention include a peptide, and a polymer matrix. The peptide is one capable of reacting with a source of mineralizing ions to initiate deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals within the polymer matrix. Compositions of the present invention are uniquely capable of sealing a junction between a dental restorative material and adjacent native tooth tissue.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, apparatus and kits for regenerating dental tissue in vivo that are useful for treating a variety of dental conditions, exemplified by treatment of caries. The invention uses tissue scaffold wafers, preferably made of PGA, PLLA, PDLLA or PLGA dimensioned to fit into a hole of corresponding sized drilled into the tooth of subject to expose dental pulp in vivo. In certain embodiments the tissue scaffold wafer further comprises calcium phosphate and fluoride. The tissue scaffold wafer may be secured into the hole with a hydrogel, a cement or other suitable material. Either the wafer or the hydrogel or both contain a morphogenic agent, such as a member encoded by the TGF-? supergene family, that promotes regeneration and differentiation of healthy dental tissue in vivo, which in turn leads to remineralization of dentin and enamel. The tissue scaffold may further include an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory agent.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, apparatus and kits for regenerating dental tissue in vivo that are useful for treating a variety of dental conditions, exemplified by treatment of caries. The invention uses tissue scaffold wafers, preferably made of PGA, PLLA, PDLLA or PLGA dimensioned to fit into a hole of corresponding sized drilled into the tooth of subject to expose dental pulp in vivo. In certain embodiments the tissue scaffold wafer further comprises calcium phosphate and fluoride. The tissue scaffold wafer may be secured into the hole with a hydrogel, a cement or other suitable material. Either the wafer or the hydrogel or both contain a morphogenic agent, such as a member encoded by the TGF-? supergene family, that promotes regeneration and differentiation of healthy dental tissue in vivo, which in turn leads to remineralization of dentin and enamel. The tissue scaffold may further include an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory agent.

Abstract: A formatted data structure is provided for conveying the results of ecommerce authentication programs that are used to authenticate a cardholder's on-line transactions. The data structure, which has at most a 20-byte length, is designed to be compatible with 3-D Secure message protocols used in e-commerce. The data structure includes designated fields that include a hash of the merchant's name, identify an authentication service provider, identify the authentication method used, and include a merchant authentication code which ties cardholder information to the transaction. Secure payment algorithms are provided for use by the e-commerce authentication programs to generate authentication results in the desired format. In one secure payment algorithm, a secret key is used to encrypt a concatenation of a cardholder account number with information from designated fields of the data structure.

Abstract: In a secure electronic payment system, authentication data based on a payment account (e.g., a credit card account) is sent from an authentication server, through a user's Web browser, to a merchant's computer. The merchant's computer sends the authentication data to a computer operated by the issuer of the payment account, either through a payment organization computer or through an acquirer computer operated by the merchant's acquirer. The issuer's computer verifies the authorization request message, thereby generating an authorization response message. The authorization response message is forwarded to the merchant's computer, either through the payment organization computer or through the acquirer computer. If the authorization response message indicates that the verification was successful, the transaction is completed.