Abstract: In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for supplementing syngas to produce a precursor composition for synthesis of at least one industrially useful chemical, the method comprising contacting the syngas with an external source of hydrogen. In an aspect, industrially useful chemical comprises methanol and the external source of hydrogen comprises hydrogen produced by steam methane reforming (SMR), hydrogen produced by steam injected onto molten metals, or another hydrogen source. In some aspects, the external source of hydrogen comprises hydrogen produced by a halogen acid contacting scrap metal, wherein the halogen acid can be produced by gasifying a halogen-containing polymer such as, for example, polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), or any combination thereof. Also disclosed herein are systems useful for carrying out the disclosed methods.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for measuring the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of a material, such as a perforated film packaging material. The method and apparatus can use a fiber optic oxygen sensor that does not consume oxygen and does do not require any flowing gas during measurement of the OTR.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for measuring the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of a material, such as a perforated film packaging material. The method and apparatus can use a fiber optic oxygen sensor that does not consume oxygen and does do not require any flowing gas during measurement of the OTR.