Abstract: This invention relates to use of a specific class of carbon structures in non-conductive materials in order to enhance the electrical- and/or the thermal conductivity of the materials. This invention is based on the discovery that a class of micro-domain carbon particles known as carbon cones and disks are excellent conductive filler in plastics with a critical loading level of approximately 1 weight %, which is comparable with the performance of carbon nanotubes. But, these carbon structures may be produced in industrial scale at the same cost as carbon black. Thus it is possible to provide thermal- and electric conducting composite materials with almost the same density and mechanical properties as the pure matrix material at the favourable cost of carbon black as filler.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for separation of isotopes, that is, to obtain isotopically pure fractions by separating natural 1 isotope mixtures in elements, where hydrogen is employed as ligand on the elements that are to be isotopically separated, and where the resulting compounds are gaseous at practical temperatures and pressures. More specific, the invention relates to a method for obtaining an isotopically pure 28SiH4 in industrial scale by separating the isotopes in a chromatographic column.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for separation of isotopes, that is, to obtain isotopically pure fractions by separating natural occuring isotope mixtures in elements, where hydrogen is employed as ligand on the elements that are to be isotopically separated, and where the resulting compounds are gaseous at practical temperatures and pressures. More specific, the invention relates to a method for obtaining an isotopically pure 28SiH4 in industrial scale by separating the isotopes in a chromatographic column.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for purification of metallurgical grade silicon where a calcium containing compound is added to molten silicon prior to or after the silicon is tapped from the furnace. The silicon is cast and solidified at a relatively high cooling rate and the solidified silicon is crushed and subjected to a purification process consisting of two leaching steps. In the first leaching step the silicon is treated with an aqueous solution of FeCl3 or FeCl3 and HCl which causes disintegration of the silicon, and in the second leaching step the silicon is treated with an aqueous solution of HF or HF/HNO3. Calcium-containing compound is added to the molten silicon in an amount necessary to provide between 0.3 and 0.95% by weight of calcium in the molten silicon and the weight ratio between Al and Fe in the molten silicon is regulated to between 0.5 and 2.0 by addition of aluminum to the molten silicon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering iron chloride, aluminum chloride and calcium chloride from silicon and ferrosilicon or from residues which contain silicon and/or ferrosilicon and metal chlorides and optionally copper and/or copper compounds, which materials are leached with HCl or HCl+FeCl.sub.3 /FeCl.sub.2 solutions, whereafter the solid silicon or ferrosilicon residue is removed from the leach solution and where any copper is removed from the leach solution. Fe.sup.2+ in the leach solution is oxidized to Fe.sup.3+ whereafter the leach solution is subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction by means of an organic phase containing n-tributyl phosphate dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent in order to extract FeCl.sub.3 and at least a part of CaCl.sub.2 from the leach solution, stripping FeCl.sub.3 and any CaCl.sub.2 from the organic phase by water, concentrating the remaining solution by evaporation and adding HCl gas to the solution in order to selectively precipitate AlCl.sub.3.6H.sub.

Abstract: A coated object comprising a glass substrate and an organomineral film, such as an organosilicon compound, deposited upon at least a portion of the glass substrate wherein the coating is of a sufficient thickness and has a sufficient refractive index so as not to absorb energy within the visible spectrum. The object may additionally comprise at least one coating layer interposed upon the substrate beneath the organomineral film to improve the optical properties of the coated object. A method for making the coated object of the invention is described wherein a plasma deposition process is utilized to deposit the organomineral film upon the surface of the glass or glass-based substrate.

Abstract: A coated object comprising a glass substrate and an organomineral film, such an an organosilicon compound, deposited upon at least a portion of the glass substrate wherein the coating is of a sufficient thickness and has a sufficient refractive index so as not to absorb energy within the visible spectrum. The object may additionally comprise at least one coating layer interposed upon the substrate beneath the organomineral film to improve the optical properties of the coated object. A method for making the coated object of the invention is described wherein a plasma deposition process is utilized to deposit the organomineral film upon the surface of the glass or glass-based substrate.