Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel method of treatment of a cancer patient in which the patient is subjected to both an inhibitor of an immune check point molecule, preferably “Programmed Death 1” (PD-1) or its ligand “programmed death ligand 1” (PD-L1), and a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH, also known as LHRH or FSH-RH) agonist or antagonist.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of an IAP antagonist for pretreating a human subject diagnosed with a cancer to enhance the likelihood that a subsequent treatment with an anti-PD-1 molecule results in an anti-cancer response or to enhance the responsiveness of the subject's cancer to the subsequent treatment with the anti-PD-1 molecule. Also encompassed are methods of treatment of a subject's cancer, the methods comprising pretreatment of the subject with an IAP antagonist and subsequent treatment of the subject with an anti-PD-1 molecule.