Abstract: A flat and detachable electrical connection system between a flat lighting module and a lampholder is described. The flat lighting module comprises a lighting panel, control circuitry for controlling the lighting panel, and electrical contact pads connected to the control circuitry, all supported at least in part by a mechanical support plate; the mechanical support plate being at least partially enclosed in a housing with a provision or opening so that light can be emitted from the lighting panel; and where the mechanical support plate includes a male mechanical support connector section that extends out from the mechanical support plate in the same plane as the thickness of the lighting module; and where the male mechanical support connector section includes means for non-permanent locking or latching of the lighting module to the lampholder.

Abstract: A flat and detachable electrical connection system between a flat lighting module and a lampholder is described. The flat lighting module comprises a lighting panel, control circuitry for controlling the lighting panel, and electrical contact pads connected to the control circuitry, all supported at least in part by a mechanical support plate; the mechanical support plate being at least partially enclosed in a housing with a provision or opening so that light can be emitted from the lighting panel; and where the mechanical support plate includes a male mechanical support connector section that extends out from the mechanical support plate in the same plane as the thickness of the lighting module; and where the male mechanical support connector section includes means for non-permanent locking or latching of the lighting module to the lampholder.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) panel with 2T1C subpixels is compensated for initial nonuniformity (“mura”). The current of each subpixel is measured at a selected time to provide a status signal representing the characteristics of the subpixel. A compensator receives a linear code value and changes it according to the status signals. A linear source driver drives the panel with the changed code values.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing an analog drive transistor control signal to the gate electrode of a drive transistor in a drive circuit that applies current to an EL device, the drive circuit including a first supply electrode of the drive transistor and the EL device connected to a second supply electrode of the drive transistor, comprising a measuring circuit for measuring the current passing through the supply electrodes at different times to provide an aging signal representing variations in the characteristics of the drive transistor and EL device caused by operation of the drive transistor and EL device over time; a compensator for changing a linear code value in response to the aging signal to compensate for the variations in the characteristics of the drive transistor and EL device; and a linear source driver for producing the analog drive transistor control signal in response to the changed linear code value.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) panel with 2T1C subpixels is compensated for initial nonuniformity (“mura”). The current of each subpixel is measured at a selected time to provide a status signal representing the characteristics of the subpixel. A compensator receives a linear code value and changes it according to the status signals. A linear source driver drives the panel with the changed code values.

Abstract: A method for resetting drive transistors associated with subpixels in an electroluminescent display, comprising providing an electroluminescent display having a plurality of subpixels, each subpixel including an electroluminescent device and a drive circuit having a drive transistor for providing current through its associated electroluminescent device; providing a separate aging signal for each subpixel during operation of the electroluminescent display after a predetermined operating time period by responding as a function of the current passing through each of the subpixels or as a function of a voltage associated with each drive circuit; comparing each of the separate aging signals with a corresponding threshold level to produce a separate staleness signal for each subpixel representing whether or not the associated drive transistor should be reset; and resetting the associated drive transistors in response to staleness signals that indicate such drive transistors should be reset.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing an analog drive transistor control signal to the gate electrode of a drive transistor in a drive circuit that applies current to an EL device, the drive circuit including a first supply electrode of the drive transistor and the EL device connected to a second supply electrode of the drive transistor, comprising a measuring circuit for measuring the current passing through the supply electrodes at different times to provide an aging signal representing variations in the characteristics of the drive transistor and EL device caused by operation of the drive transistor and EL device over time; a compensator for changing a linear code value in response to the aging signal to compensate for the variations in the characteristics of the drive transistor and EL device; and a linear source driver for producing the analog drive transistor control signal in response to the changed linear code value.

Abstract: A display device includes address decoding circuitry for causing the activation or deactivation of the pixel circuits a row at a time during a cycle containing a plurality of different time windows, wherein each time window has different time values, the total time of activated windows for a given pixel circuit corresponds to the desired brightness of the display element of such circuit, such address decoding circuitry including: i) column select circuitry for providing the activating and deactivating data signals on the data lines; ii) a random access decoder responsive to address signals for providing the select signals on the select lines of a desired row in the matrix; and iii) control circuitry for producing the addresses for the random access decoder and for providing data signals to the column select circuitry so that each pixel is activated for a time corresponding to its desired brightness.

Abstract: A method for transforming three color input signals (R, G, B) corresponding to three gamut defining color primaries to four color output signals (R?, G?, B?, W) corresponding to the gamut defining color primaries and one additional color primary W for driving a display having emitters that emit light corresponding to the to the four color output signals including calculating a common signal value S as a function F1 of the three color input signals (R,G,B) for a current and neighboring pixels; determining a final common signal value S? based upon the common signals for the current and neighboring pixels; calculating the three color signals (R?,G?,B?) by calculating a value of a function F2 of the final common signal value S? and adding it to each of the three color input signals (R,G,B); and calculating the output signal W as a function F3 of the final common signal value S?.

Abstract: A method for transforming three color input signals (R, G, B) corresponding to three gamut defining color primaries to four color output signals (R?, G?, B?, W) corresponding to the gamut defining color primaries and one additional color primary W for driving a display having emitters that emit light corresponding to the to the four color output signals including calculating a common signal value S as a function F1 of the three color input signals (R,G,B) for a current and neighboring pixels; determining a final common signal value S? based upon the common signals for the current and neighboring pixels; calculating the three color signals (R?,G?,B?) by calculating a value of a function F2 of the final common signal value S? and adding it to each of the three color input signals (R,G,B); and calculating the output signal W as a function F3 of the final common signal value S?.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element comprising a substrate and a phase-change recording layer wherein the phase-change recording layer has a composition expressed by SbaXbSncZndSieOfSh wherein X is an element selected from In, Ge, Al, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ga, Ti, Si, Te, Nb, Fe, Co, W, Mo, S, Ni, O, Se, Tl, As, P, Au, Pd, Pt, Hf,or V and a>0, b>0, c>0, d>0, e>0, f>0, h>0, and a +b+c+d+e+f+h=100.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element comprising a substrate and a phase-change recording layer wherein the phase-change recording layer has a composition expressed by SbaXbSncZndSieOfSh wherein X is an element selected from In, Ge, Al, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ga, Ti, Si, Te, Nb, Fe, Co, W, Mo, S, Ni, O, Se, Tl, As, P, Au, Pd, Pt, Hf, or V and a>0, b>0, c>0, d>0, e>0, f>0, h>0, and a+b+c+d+e+f+h=100.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element comprising a substrate and a phase-change recording layer wherein the phase-change recording layer has a composition expressed by SbaInbSncZndSieOfSh wherein a>0, b>0, c>0, d>0, e>0, f>0, h>0, and a+b+c+d+e+f+h=100

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element includes a substrate; an amorphous phase-change recording layer disposed over the substrate; a dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the amorphous phase-change layer; a reflector layer disposed adjacent to the dielectric layer; and wherein the material and the thickness of the layers are selected such that recording can be performed on the optical recording element by using a focused laser beam to form crystalline marks in the phase-change layer using laser pulses with less than 40 nS in duration, the reflectivity of the amorphous phase as measured by a collimated beam is higher than 28% and the contrast of the read-back signal is higher than 0.6, and the second and subsequent writing over previous recording results in at least a 50% increase in read out jitter.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element includes a substrate; an amorphous phase-change recording layer disposed over the substrate; a dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the amorphous phase-change layer; a reflector layer disposed adjacent to the dielectric layer; and wherein the material and the thickness of the layers are selected such that recording can be performed on the optical recording element by using a focused laser beam to form crystalline marks in the phase-change layer using laser pulses with less than 40 nS in duration, the reflectivity of the amorphous phase as measured by a collimated beam is higher than 28% and the contrast of the read-back signal is higher than 0.6, and the second and subsequent writing over previous recording results in at least a 50% increase in read out jitter.

Abstract: A rewriteable phase-change optical recording element includes a substrate; and a recording layer over the substrate having at least two sub-layers of different chemical compositions, the compositions and thickness of the sub-layers being selected so that when subject to laser light during a writing process the compositions mixed together to form a high reflectivity mixed crystalline region without using any prior initialization or mixing processes.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a transparent substrate; a crystalline phase-change layer provided over the transparent substrate; a dielectric layer provided over the phase-change layer; a metallic reflector layer provided over the dielectric layer; and the crystalline phase-change layer having a thickness and phase-change material selected so that data can be recorded in it on a first write, but on second or subsequent writes the written data results in at least a 50% increase in data jitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the rate of development characteristic of electroscopic toner particles of the type used in electrostatographic recording to develop electrostatic images. The apparatus has a biased electrode for attracting toner particles and a microprocessor-based logic and control unit for sampling the mass of toner particles attracted to the electrode at preselected times during the accumulation of toner on the biased electrode. This development rate parameter is used by the logic and control unit to control process parameters (e.g. primary charging and exposure levels, development electrode bias, toner concentration) which affect image quality.