Abstract: A method for avoiding non-intentional separation of avatars in a virtual world may include detecting a first avatar seeking to enter a first location and determining if a second avatar is related to the first avatar based on a first predetermined rule. The method may also include determining that the first and second avatars are seeking to enter the first location together. The method may further include determining whether to allow the first avatar and the second avatar to enter the first location based on a second predetermined rule.

Abstract: Generation of user and avatar specific content in a virtual world may include generating a local attribute object. The local attribute object may comprise attributes identifying at least one of the user's real world location and the user's avatar's virtual world location. Access to the local attribute object by virtual world operators may be controlled by the user and/or user's avatar. Specific content, based on the local attribute object, is presented to the user's avatar.

Abstract: A specially programmed computer encodes repeating sequences of equidistant-spaced bit series that are identified in an input file. The position of each sequence is encoded relative to one or more instances of the previous sequence, including both the spacing between bits and the bit position of identified portions of each. For a certain class of input files, this encoding of repeating sequences significantly compresses the input file into the output file. A specially programmed computer decodes files that have been encoded in this manner.

Abstract: Provided are methods for processing a green body that includes compacted metal powder, comprising impacting the green body with a particulate material for a time and under conditions effective to displace a portion of the metal powder from the green body. The present methods can be used to prepare green bodies that have “roughened” surfaces and that can be used to make orthopedic implants displaying low movement relative to bone when installed in situ, which corresponds to higher stability upon implantation and decreases the time required for biological fixation of the implant. Also provided are implants comprising a metallic matrix, and methods comprising surgically installing an implant prepared from a “surface roughened” green body in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: Automated avatar creation and interaction in a virtual world may include detecting if a user's avatar has entered a predefined proximity area in the virtual world. An automated avatar may be presented an automated avatar in response to the user's avatar entering the predetermined proximity area. The automated avatar is presented for autonomous interaction with the user's avatar and presentation of the automated avatar is based on a specified criteria.

Abstract: Translating gestures made by one avatar to a second avatar in a virtual world by receiving an input from a first user representing an input gesture to be made by the first avatar to the second avatar. The input gesture is translated to generate at least one translated gesture for display. The translated gesture may be output for display as being made by the first avatar to the second avatar.

Abstract: Responding to gestures made by third parties in a virtual world by receiving a gesture from a first avatar directed to at least one second avatar. For at least one second avatar, a reply gesture may be selected that corresponds to the received gesture. The reply gesture may be output for communication to the first avatar.

Abstract: Avatar cloning in a virtual world may include receiving an input indicating that a user desires to access a cloning feature and allowing a cloned avatar to be cloned from the user's avatar.

Abstract: A method for perspective based tagging and visualization of avatars in a virtual world may include determining if another avatar has moved within a predetermined proximity range of a user's avatar in a virtual world. The method may also include allowing the user to tag the other avatar with information in response to the other avatar being within the predetermined proximity range of the user's avatar.

Abstract: A method for allowing an alternative action in a virtual world may include permitting a user to request an original action for an avatar of the user in the virtual world. The method may also include receiving the request for the original action and storing the request in a queue in response to the original action being unavailable to the user's avatar. The method may additionally include determining if an alternative action is available for the user's avatar in response to the original action being unavailable to the user's avatar and presenting an interface to the user to permit the user to accept the alternative action in response to the alternative action being available.

Abstract: A method for satisfying a request for an action in a virtual world includes permitting a user to request a first action for an avatar in the virtual world, wherein the avatar corresponds to the user. The method may also include determining if the first action is unavailable for the user's avatar at the time of the request. The method may additionally include permitting a user's avatar to perform another action while the first action is unavailable for the user's avatar. The method may yet additionally include determining if the first action becomes available for the user's avatar. The method may further include notifying the user that the first action is available for the user's avatar in response to the first action being determined to be available. The method may yet further include allowing the user to accept the first action. And the method may include allowing the user's avatar to perform the first action in response to the user accepting the first action.

Abstract: A method for contract formation and dispute resolution in a virtual world may include presenting a graphical user interface to permit formation of a contract. The method may also include permitting a set of contract terms to be defined. The method may further include providing a mechanism for review and acceptance of the set of contract terms and providing a mechanism to designate a contract as complete and to release a bond stored in a virtual contract object for virtual payment to a contractor in response an acceptance that the contract has been fulfilled.

Abstract: The invention provides a medical implant device or component thereof comprising a metal substrate, an intermediate coating, and an outer coating of aluminum oxide, as well as a method of making such a medical implant device or component thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for recording and maintaining stored information system object relationship information. Information contained within a stored information system (including system catalogs, referential constraints, triggers, table hierarchies, column references, indexes, stored program packages, system catalogs, stored procedures, stored queries, log/trace files of dynamically executed code, etc.) are searched to identify dependency relationships between objects. This object relationship information is stored and maintained in an information base. Information within the information based may be organized based upon subsets of objects that support a common application, service, or capability.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus combining a pressure vessel and a centrifugal pump to accurately and efficiently control pressure and flow rate of liquid in a liquid dispense system. The present invention particularly relates to the accurate and efficient control of pressure and flow rate of liquids, such as high purity chemicals or slurries used in semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for tuning work. In response to identifying a trigger for a work, automatic tuning is invoked. The trigger indicates that a performance goal for the work has been missed. The work is analyzed. A tuning operation is selected for the work based on a tuning history. The selected tuning operation is implemented for the work.

Abstract: Surface-modified nanoparticles of boehmite, and methods for preparing the same. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoparticles are surface modified by reaction with selected amounts of organic acids. In particular, the nanoparticle surface is modified by reactions with two or more different carboxylic acids, at least one of which is an organic carboxylic acid. The product is a surface modified boehmite nanoparticle that has an inorganic aluminum oxyhydroxide core, or part aluminum oxyhydroxide core and a surface-bonded organic shell. Organic carboxylic acids of this invention contain at least one carboxylic acid group and one carbon-hydrogen bond. One embodiment of this invention provides boehmite nanoparticles that have been surface modified with two or more acids one of which additional carries at least one reactive functional group.

Abstract: The invention provides a medical implant device or component thereof comprising a metal substrate, an intermediate coating, and an outer coating of aluminum oxide, as well as a method of making such a medical implant device or component thereof.

Abstract: A method to determine the capacity of a plant over a time window of interest, the time window having a time length P, having the steps of: (a) gathering the plant's historical production data over a selected time period of length L and calculating the cycle entries of availability fractions for that data set; (b) calculating capacity C(i,1) for each contiguous portion p(i,1) of length p of the cycle entries from the previous step; (c) storing that calculated capacities C(i,1); (d) randomly shuffling the cycle entries; (e) calculating the capacity C(i,2) for each contiguous portion p(i,2) of the shuffled cycle entries; (f) storing the calculated capacities C(i,2); and (g) repeating steps (e)–(f) for a sufficient number of iterations, and then creating a histogram of the calculated capacities C(i,j).

Abstract: The invention generally relates to diffusion delivery systems and more particularly to high precision nanoengineered devices for therapeutic applications. The device contains diffusion areas that may be fabricated between bonded substrates, and the device can possess high mechanical strength. The invention further relates to capsules containing a diffusion delivery system. The present invention also relates to methods of fabricating the diffusion delivery systems.