Abstract: A semiconductor package substrate with embedded crack cessation structures and methods of forming the same is provided. Crack cessation structures include blind vias structures, through vias structures, and methods of forming the same are provided. Crack cessation structures may be formed by trenching of one or more structures, and deposition of metallic or insulative materials to form a crack cessation structures in the semiconductor package substrate core.

Abstract: In a device and method for taking temperature readings on an HVAC system, a first probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a first temperature reading thereof. A second probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a second temperature reading thereof that is independent of the first temperature reading. A digital display is connectable to the first and second probes for displaying the first and second temperature readings.

Abstract: A device for taking pressure readings on a HVAC system includes a first needle connectable in communication with the HVAC system for taking a first pressure reading thereof. The first needle is mounted within a first gauge and configured to self-calibrate. The device further includes a second needle connectable in communication with the HVAC system for taking a second pressure reading thereof that is independent of the first pressure reading. The second needle is mounted within a second gauge and configured to self-calibrate. A first stepper motor actuates the first needle and a second stepper motor actuates the second needle. A microcontroller controls the first and second stepper motors to move the needles to a plurality of respective positions and thereby visually confirm calibration.

Abstract: In a device and method for taking temperature readings on an HVAC system, a first probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a first temperature reading thereof. A second probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a second temperature reading thereof that is independent of the first temperature reading. A digital display is connectable to the first and second probes for displaying the first and second temperature readings.

Abstract: In a device and method for taking temperature readings on an HVAC system, a first probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a first temperature reading thereof. A second probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a second temperature reading thereof that is independent of the first temperature reading. A digital display is connectable to the first and second probes for displaying the first and second temperature readings.

Abstract: A gauge includes a housing and a fitting having an inlet, an internal flow path, and an outlet. A sensor is in fluidic communication with the internal flow path and measures a characteristic of a fluid in the flow path. A control unit is in electrical communication with the pressure sensor, receives an output from the pressure sensor and generates a command based on the output received. A stepper motor has a rotor shaft with an indicator needle operatively connected thereto, and is in electrical communication with the control unit. A power supply is in electrical communication with the pressure sensor, the motor and the control unit for supplying power thereto. The control unit transmits the command to the stepper motor, which receives the command from the control unit and drives the rotor shaft according to the command, displaying the sensed characteristic via the needle.

Abstract: A device for taking pressure readings on a HVAC system includes a first needle connectable in communication with the HVAC system for taking a first pressure reading thereof. The first needle is mounted within a first gauge and configured to self-calibrate. The device further includes a second needle connectable in communication with the HVAC system for taking a second pressure reading thereof that is independent of the first pressure reading. The second needle is mounted within a second gauge and configured to self-calibrate. A first stepper motor actuates the first needle and a second stepper motor actuates the second needle. A microcontroller controls the first and second stepper motors to move the needles to a plurality of respective positions and thereby visually confirm calibration.

Abstract: An over-pressure protection device has a valve or valve body defining an inlet, a first flow path or cavity, and an outlet. A moveable member or plunger defines an internal flow path, and has at least one passage formed through a wall thereof. A sealing member forms a fluid-tight seal between the plunger and the valve, while a biasing member or spring acts between the valve and the plunger. The plunger is disposed within the first flow path of the valve and is movable between a closed position and an open position when exposed to pressurized fluid. In the closed position, the sealing member forms a seal between the plunger and the valve, preventing fluid communication between the inlet and the outlet, but does not form a seal when the device is in the open position, allowing fluid communication with the outlet. The plunger is biased by the biasing member toward the open position.

Abstract: In a device for taking pressure readings on a HVAC system, a first gauge is connectable in communication with the HVAC system for taking a first pressure reading thereof. A second gauge is connectable in communication with the HVAC system for taking a second pressure reading thereof that is independent of the first pressure reading. A backlight display of each gauge is configured to illuminate the face of each gauge in a respective color that conveys the type of refrigerant in the HVAC system. An integrated circuit is coupled to the gauges to change the colors of the backlight displays.

Abstract: In a device and method for taking temperature readings on an HVAC system, a first probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a first temperature reading thereof. A second probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a second temperature reading thereof that is independent of the first temperature reading. A digital display is connectable to the first and second probes for displaying the first and second temperature readings.

Abstract: A gauge includes a housing and a fitting having an inlet, an internal flow path, and an outlet. A sensor is in fluidic communication with the internal flow path and measures a characteristic of a fluid in the flow path. A control unit is in electrical communication with the pressure sensor, receives an output from the pressure sensor and generates a command based on the output received. A stepper motor has a rotor shaft with an indicator needle operatively connected thereto, and is in electrical communication with the control unit. A power supply is in electrical communication with the pressure sensor, the motor and the control unit for supplying power thereto. The control unit transmits the command to the stepper motor, which receives the command from the control unit and drives the rotor shaft according to the command, displaying the sensed characteristic via the needle.

Abstract: A fuel supply manifold assembly (20) comprising a manifold (40), one or more supply inlet connections (42), pressure readers (44, 46), a manual turnoff (50), pressure-reducing devices (52,54), a pressure-relieving device (56), a flow-control device (60), and a delivery outlet port (62). The manifold (40) defines a flow path from the supply inlet connection(s) (42) to the delivery outlet port (62). The flow path passes through the pressure readers (44, 46), the manual turnoff (50), pressure-reducing devices (52,54), the pressure-relieving device (56), the flow- control device (60). When installing the fuel supply manifold assembly (20) at a fuel cell site, one inlet connection for each fuel source and one outlet connection is required.