Abstract: Processes and systems for oxidation of a hydrocarbon reactant to generate an oxidized hydrocarbon product may include: contacting a water oxidation electrocatalyst with the hydrocarbon reactant and water in the presence of a non-aqueous solvent; wherein an anodic bias is applied to the water oxidation electrocatalyst, thereby generating the oxidized hydrocarbon product; and wherein the water oxidation electrocatalyst comprises one or more transition metals other than Ru. Optionally, the water is provided in the non-aqueous solvent at a concentration less than or equal to 0.5 vol. %. Optionally, the magnitude of the anodic bias is selected to generate the oxidized hydrocarbon product characterized by selected product distribution.

Abstract: A method of modifying a tissue includes providing an electrochemical reaction in the tissue by the use of an anodic electrode and a cathodic electrode wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electrodes is in contact with the tissue; and setting a concentration of electrochemically generated chemical agents that affect the tissue.

Abstract: A method of modifying a tissue includes providing an electrochemical reaction in the tissue by the use of an anodic electrode and a cathodic electrode wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electrodes is in contact with the tissue; and setting a concentration of electrochemically generated chemical agents that affect the tissue.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes and systems for oxidation of a hydrocarbon reactant to generate an oxidized hydrocarbon product; said process comprising: contacting a water oxidation electrocatalyst with said hydrocarbon reactant and water in the presence of a non-aqueous solvent; wherein an anodic bias is applied to said water oxidation electrocatalyst, thereby generating said oxidized hydrocarbon product; and wherein said water oxidation electrocatalyst comprises one or more transition metals other than Ru. Optionally, said water is provided in said non-aqueous solvent at a concentration less than or equal to 0.5 vol. %. Optionally, the magnitude of said anodic bias is selected to generate said oxidized hydrocarbon product characterized by selected product distribution.

Abstract: The invention is directed to mixed-metal nanocatalysts, particularly nano-dimensioned layered double-hydroxide nanostacks, methods of making nanocatalysts using laser ablation techniques, and the electrochemical devices comprising and using these nanocatalysts, for example in the electrochemical oxidation of water oxidation.