Abstract: Examples herein relate to identifying a soft failure at member within a cluster dedicated to a microservice. Examples disclose identifying a statistical evaluation for each member within the cluster. Based on the statistical evaluation, identifying a soft failure among one of multiple members within the cluster. In response to the identification of the soft failure at one of the members within the cluster, performing an action.

Abstract: Examples herein relate to identifying a soft failure at member within a cluster dedicated to a microservice. Examples disclose identifying a statistical evaluation for each member within the cluster. Based on the statistical evaluation, identifying a soft failure among one of multiple members within the cluster. In response to the identification of the soft failure at one of the members within the cluster, performing an action.

Abstract: Examples relate to human-readable cloud structures. Some examples disclosed herein may enable identifying cloud definition data describing a cloud to be deployed. The cloud definition data comprises a set of structural attributes that define a structure of the cloud and a set of non-structural attributes. Some examples may enable generating a first human-readable artifact that describes the structure of the cloud in natural language using the set of structural attributes of the cloud definition data, modifying a portion of the cloud definition data, generating a second human-readable artifact describing the structure of the cloud in natural language using the set of structural attributes of the cloud definition data that includes the modified portion, and determining whether the structure of the cloud in the second human-readable artifact is different from the structure of the cloud in the first human-readable artifact by comparing the first human-readable artifact with the second human-readable artifact.

Abstract: A technique includes providing a first interface to manage a plurality of cloud services that are provided by a plurality of cloud resources that form a hybrid cloud. Each of the cloud resources is associated with an application programming interface. The technique includes using the first interface to orchestrate the cloud services, where the orchestration includes using the first interface to orchestrate the application programming interfaces to allow at least one cloud resource management function provided by the first interface to be performed across at least two of the cloud resources.

Abstract: A system includes an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) layer to provide a set of infrastructure services to manage computing resources in a cloud computing environment. The system includes a service framework layer, separate from the IaaS layer, the service framework layer comprising an asynchronous interface to communicate with the IaaS layer and to create a framework service to extend the IaaS layer in response to a command from an upper tier service, the framework service to employ the asynchronous interface to utilize an infrastructure service from the set of infrastructure services.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to naming of cloud components. The examples enable generating, for a first node of a cloud infrastructure comprising a plurality of nodes, a first node name associated with a first fixed Internet Protocol (IP) address that is assigned to the first node, the first node name identifying the cloud infrastructure and a first control plane to which the first node belongs; generating, for a second node of the cloud infrastructure, a second node name associated with a second fixed IP address that is assigned to the second node, the second node name identifying the cloud infrastructure and a second control plane to which the second node belongs; and causing information related to the cloud infrastructure to be published to the plurality of nodes of the cloud infrastructure, the information related to the cloud infrastructure comprising the first node name and the second node name.

Abstract: A method consists of upgrading, at a server, a service from a first version to a second version, receiving a request from a client associated with the first version of the service, sending a response to the client indicating that the server supports the second version of the service, communicating with the client using the second version of the service as a result of receiving a communication from the client utilizing the second version of the service after sending the response, and communicating with the client using the first version of the service as a result of receiving a communication from the client utilizing the first version of the service after sending the response.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to naming of cloud components. The examples enable generating, for a first node of a cloud infrastructure comprising a plurality of nodes, a first node name associated with a first fixed Internet Protocol (IP) address that is assigned to the first node, the first node name identifying the cloud infrastructure and a first control plane to which the first node belongs; generating, for a second node of the cloud infrastructure, a second node name associated with a second fixed IP address that is assigned to the second node, the second node name identifying the cloud infrastructure and a second control plane to which the second node belongs; and causing information related to the cloud infrastructure to be published to the plurality of nodes of the cloud infrastructure, the information related to the cloud infrastructure comprising the first node name and the second node name.

Abstract: Examples relate to cloud models. The examples disclosed herein enable obtaining first cloud definition data that describe a first cloud infrastructure. A first cloud model may be generated based on the first cloud definition data. The first cloud model may comprise first cloud configuration data that, when executed, cause the first cloud infrastructure to be deployed. The examples further enable storing a first checkpoint image of the first cloud model. The first checkpoint image may comprise at least a portion of the first cloud definition data and the first cloud configuration data.

Abstract: A system includes an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) layer to provide a set of infrastructure services to manage computing resources in a cloud computing environment. The system includes a service framework layer, separate from the IaaS layer, the service framework layer comprising an asynchronous interface to communicate with the IaaS layer and to create a framework service to extend the IaaS layer in response to a command from an upper tier service, the framework service to employ the asynchronous interface to utilize an infrastructure service from the set of infrastructure services.

Abstract: Building a realized topology with a binding document includes generating a binding document based on user input, assigning values to the binding document, and building a realized topology based on the binding document such that a user interface to the realized topology is tied to the binding document and is independent of a cloud.

Abstract: A technique includes providing a first interface to manage a plurality of cloud services that are provided by a plurality of cloud resources that form a hybrid cloud. Each of the cloud resources is associated with an application programming interface. The technique includes using the first interface to orchestrate the cloud services, where the orchestration includes using the first interface to orchestrate the application programming interfaces to allow at least one cloud resource management function provided by the first interface to be performed across at least two of the cloud resources.

Abstract: A method consists of upgrading, at a server, a service from a first version to a second version, receiving a request from a client associated with the first version of the service, sending a response to the client indicating that the server supports the second version of the service, communicating with the client using the second version of the service as a result of receiving a communication from the client utilizing the second version of the service after sending the response, and communicating with the client using the first version of the service as a result of receiving a communication from the client utilizing the first version of the service after sending the response.

Abstract: A system for managing an information technology (IT) resource comprises a managed object that represents the resource. At least one management interface is associated with the managed object. The management interface is configured with at least one component that represents a management feature for the resource. An attribute associated with the at least one component in the management interface indicates the presence of the management feature to a manager. The system provides a common, consistent facility for accessing management features of resources represented by a managed object configured with one or more management interfaces. The management interfaces allow manager to access information to monitor, audit, and control various aspects of the resources. Managers can also use information in the management interfaces to determine management attributes and relationships among related managed objects.

Abstract: A system for managing a conversation includes one or more interfaces configured to provide management information about the conversation to a manager. The interface can be configured to provide information regarding a resource such as a Web service that contains the conversation. Information regarding the conversation that may be made available to the manager includes the number of failed messages processed by the conversation; the number of successful messages processed by the conversation; the total number of messages processed by the conversation; the number of other resources participating in the conversation; the identity of other resources participating in the conversation; an identifier of the conversation; the last message received; the last fault message received; and an identifier of the resource that contains the conversation.

Abstract: A system for managing a Web service comprises a service managed object associated with the Web service. The service managed object includes an interface configured to represent management features for the service to a manager. The manager can access information regarding the Web service via the interface such as a list of conversations associated with the Web service, and the relationship of the service managed object to other managed objects.

Abstract: A managed object implements an interface that includes information regarding events that can occur during operation of the managed object and other resources and managed objects. A manager can subscribe to receive a notification when one or more of the events occur in a pull mode where the notifications are sent only when requested by the manager. The manager can also subscribe to receive notification of the events in a push mode where the managed objects send the notifications to the manager when the events occur.

Abstract: A system for managing an information technology (IT) resource comprises a managed object that represents a particular resource. At least one interface is associated with the managed object. The managed object is configured to receive a request from a manager; forward the request to a group of managed objects specified by the request; gather responses to the request from the group of managed objects; and transmit the responses from the group of managed objects to the manager in a single response.

Abstract: A system for managing an information technology (IT) resource comprises a managed object that represents the resource. At least one management interface is associated with the managed object. The management interface is configured with at least one component that represents a management feature for the resource. An attribute associated with the at least one component in the management interface indicates the presence of the management feature to a manager. The system provides a common, consistent facility for accessing management features of resources represented by a managed object configured with one or more management interfaces. The management interfaces allow manager to access information to monitor, audit, and control various aspects of the resources. Managers can also use information in the management interfaces to determine management attributes and relationships among related managed objects.

Abstract: A system for managing a conversation includes one or more interfaces configured to provide management information about the conversation to a manager. The interface can be configured to provide information regarding a resource such as a Web service that contains the conversation. Information regarding the conversation that may be made available to the manager includes the number of failed messages processed by the conversation; the number of successful messages processed by the conversation; the total number of messages processed by the conversation; the number of other resources participating in the conversation; the identity of other resources participating in the conversation; an identifier of the conversation; the last message received; the last fault message received; and an identifier of the resource that contains the conversation.