Abstract: An active clamp flyback (ACF) converter can be used to convert AC voltages to DC voltages and offers the ability to reuse leakage energy and a negative magnetizing current to achieve zero-volt-switching. The leakage energy can vary with system design and therefore may be difficult to control, but the negative magnetizing current can be controlled by adjusting a switching frequency of the ACF converter. The adjustment can be determined by comparing the negative magnetizing current to a threshold. Using a fixed threshold may not be optimal because variations in system operating conditions, such as load current, line voltage, and output voltage, can affect the amount of negative magnetizing current required for zero-volt-switching (i.e., can affect the threshold). Additionally, a range of possible switch technologies can affect the threshold. The present disclosure describes an adaptable threshold for a variable frequency ACF converter that allows for efficient switching.

Abstract: An active clamp flyback (ACF) converter can be used to convert AC voltages to DC voltages and offers the ability to reuse leakage energy and a negative magnetizing current to achieve zero-volt-switching. The leakage energy can vary with system design and therefore may be difficult to control, but the negative magnetizing current can be controlled by adjusting a switching frequency of the ACF converter. The adjustment can be determined by comparing the negative magnetizing current to a threshold. Using a fixed threshold may not be optimal because variations in system operating conditions, such as load current, line voltage, and output voltage, can affect the amount of negative magnetizing current required for zero-volt-switching (i.e., can affect the threshold). Additionally, a range of possible switch technologies can affect the threshold. The present disclosure describes an adaptable threshold for a variable frequency ACF converter that allows for efficient switching.

Abstract: In one form, a method for generating a drive signal for a switch in a switched mode power supply includes receiving a feedback signal, generating a feedback voltage in response to the feedback signal, modulating a pulse width of the drive signal in response to the feedback voltage and a mode signal, generating a modulate signal in response to a magnitude of the feedback voltage crossing a first level in a first direction, generating the mode signal in response to the magnitude of the feedback voltage crossing a second level different from the first level in a second direction, and varying a gain between the feedback signal and the feedback voltage in response to the mode signal.

Abstract: An ACF power converter uses a soft start operation to reduce overheating and stress on components. The power converter includes a first transistor and second transistor. A high side driver controls the first transistor, and low side driver controls the second transistor. A first operating potential is provided to the low side driver during a first period of time. The second transistor switches based on an oscillator signal having a first rate of frequency change to generate a second operating potential for the high side driver, while attempting to hold the first transistor in the non-conductive state during a second time period. The first and second transistors switch based on the oscillator signal having a second rate of frequency change during a third time period. The power converter is held in ACF mode and inhibited from changing state for a period of time post soft start.

Abstract: An ACF power converter uses a soft start operation to reduce overheating and stress on components. The power converter includes a first transistor and second transistor. A high side driver controls the first transistor, and low side driver controls the second transistor. A first operating potential is provided to the low side driver during a first period of time. The second transistor switches based on an oscillator signal having a first rate of frequency change to generate a second operating potential for the high side driver, while attempting to hold the first transistor in the non-conductive state during a second time period. The first and second transistors switch based on the oscillator signal having a second rate of frequency change during a third time period. The power converter is held in ACF mode and inhibited from changing state for a period of time post soft start.

Abstract: An ACF power converter uses a soft start operation to reduce overheating and stress on components. The power converter includes a first transistor and second transistor. A high side driver controls the first transistor, and low side driver controls the second transistor. A first operating potential is provided to the low side driver during a first period of time. The second transistor switches based on an oscillator signal having a first rate of frequency change to generate a second operating potential for the high side driver, while attempting to hold the first transistor in the non-conductive state during a second time period. The first and second transistors switch based on the oscillator signal having a second rate of frequency change during a third time period. The power converter is held in ACF mode and inhibited from changing state for a period of time post soft start.

Abstract: A power converter has a power transistor and inductor coupled in a conduction path with the power transistor. A switching frequency of the power transistor is reduced during a light load condition. A pulse width of a drive signal to the power transistor is controlled to select a current through the inductor and power transistor corresponding to the switching frequency to maintain a fixed output power of the power converter, and further to vary the current through the inductor and power transistor to maintain the fixed output power of the power converter over a range of switching frequencies. A first number of pulses of the drive signal to the power transistor during a first time period sets the fixed output power of the power converter. No pulses of the drive signal are provided during a second time period after the first time period.

Abstract: In one form, a switched mode power supply controller with frequency foldback includes a pulse width modulator responsive to a clock signal to generate a drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to a feedback signal, and a variable frequency oscillator having a first input for receiving the feedback signal, a control input for receiving a control signal defining a foldback starting frequency, a foldback ending frequency, a foldback starting voltage, and a foldback ending voltage, and an output for providing the clock signal having a variable frequency that varies over a range between the foldback starting frequency and the foldback ending frequency as the feedback signal varies between the foldback starting voltage and the foldback ending voltage, respectively. The control signal is user programmable for at least one of the foldback starting frequency, the foldback ending frequency, the foldback starting voltage, and the foldback ending voltage.

Abstract: Active clamp flyback power converter. At least some of the example embodiments are methods including: activating a main FET and thereby inducing positive current flow in a primary winding, the positive current flow resulting in reverse biasing of a rectifier of a secondary circuit; deactivating the main FET and thereby forward biasing the rectifier in the secondary circuit and causing current flow in the secondary winding; activating a clamp FET and thereby coupling a clamp capacitor to a leakage inductance of a transformer, the primary circuit having initially a positive current flow through the primary winding and then a negative current flow through the primary winding; and regulating the negative current flow through the primary winding.

Abstract: In one form, a switched mode power supply controller with frequency foldback includes a pulse width modulator responsive to a clock signal to generate a drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to a feedback signal, and a variable frequency oscillator having a first input for receiving the feedback signal, a control input for receiving a control signal defining a foldback starting frequency, a foldback ending frequency, a foldback starting voltage, and a foldback ending voltage, and an output for providing the clock signal having a variable frequency that varies over a range between the foldback starting frequency and the foldback ending frequency as the feedback signal varies between the foldback starting voltage and the foldback ending voltage, respectively. The control signal is user programmable for at least one of the foldback starting frequency, the foldback ending frequency, the foldback starting voltage, and the foldback ending voltage.

Abstract: Active clamp flyback power converter. At least some of the example embodiments are methods including: activating a main FET and thereby inducing positive current flow in a primary winding, the positive current flow resulting in reverse biasing of a rectifier of a secondary circuit; deactivating the main FET and thereby forward biasing the rectifier in the secondary circuit and causing current flow in the secondary winding; activating a clamp FET and thereby coupling a clamp capacitor to a leakage inductance of a transformer, the primary circuit having initially a positive current flow through the primary winding and then a negative current flow through the primary winding; and regulating the negative current flow through the primary winding.

Abstract: In one form, a switched mode power supply controller with frequency foldback includes a pulse width modulator responsive to a clock signal to generate a drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to a feedback signal, and a variable frequency oscillator having a first input for receiving the feedback signal, a control input for receiving a programmable control signal defining a foldback starting frequency, a foldback ending frequency, a foldback starting voltage, and a foldback ending voltage, and an output for providing the clock signal having a variable frequency that varies over a range between the foldback starting frequency and the foldback ending frequency as the feedback signal varies between the foldback starting voltage and the foldback ending voltage, respectively. In another form, a switched mode power converter uses such a switched mode power supply controller with an inductive element, switch, and feedback circuit.

Abstract: An ACF power converter uses a soft start operation to reduce overheating and stress on components. The power converter includes a first transistor and second transistor. A high side driver controls the first transistor, and low side driver controls the second transistor. A first operating potential is provided to the low side driver during a first period of time. The second transistor switches based on an oscillator signal having a first rate of frequency change to generate a second operating potential for the high side driver, while attempting to hold the first transistor in the non-conductive state during a second time period. The first and second transistors switch based on the oscillator signal having a second rate of frequency change during a third time period. The power converter is held in ACF mode and inhibited from changing state for a period of time post soft start.

Abstract: A power converter has a power transistor and inductor coupled in a conduction path with the power transistor. A switching frequency of the power transistor is reduced during a light load condition. A pulse width of a drive signal to the power transistor is controlled to select a current through the inductor and power transistor corresponding to the switching frequency to maintain a fixed output power of the power converter, and further to vary the current through the inductor and power transistor to maintain the fixed output power of the power converter over a range of switching frequencies. A first number of pulses of the drive signal to the power transistor during a first time period sets the fixed output power of the power converter. No pulses of the drive signal are provided during a second time period after the first time period.

Abstract: An ACF power converter uses a soft start operation to reduce overheating and stress on components. The power converter includes a first transistor and second transistor. A high side driver controls the first transistor, and low side driver controls the second transistor. A first operating potential is provided to the low side driver during a first period of time. The second transistor switches based on an oscillator signal having a first rate of frequency change to generate a second operating potential for the high side driver, while attempting to hold the first transistor in the non-conductive state during a second time period. The first and second transistors switch based on the oscillator signal having a second rate of frequency change during a third time period. The power converter is held in ACF mode and inhibited from changing state for a period of time post soft start.

Abstract: A power converter has a power transistor and inductor coupled in a conduction path with the power transistor. A switching frequency of the power transistor is reduced during a light load condition. A pulse width of a drive signal to the power transistor is controlled to select a current through the inductor and power transistor corresponding to the switching frequency to maintain a fixed output power of the power converter, and further to vary the current through the inductor and power transistor to maintain the fixed output power of the power converter over a range of switching frequencies. A first number of pulses of the drive signal to the power transistor during a first time period sets the fixed output power of the power converter. No pulses of the drive signal are provided during a second time period after the first time period.

Abstract: In one form, a switched mode power supply controller with frequency foldback includes a pulse width modulator responsive to a clock signal to generate a drive signal having a pulse width that varies in response to a feedback signal, and a variable frequency oscillator having a first input for receiving the feedback signal, a control input for receiving a programmable control signal defining a foldback starting frequency, a foldback ending frequency, a foldback starting voltage, and a foldback ending voltage, and an output for providing the clock signal having a variable frequency that varies over a range between the foldback starting frequency and the foldback ending frequency as the feedback signal varies between the foldback starting voltage and the foldback ending voltage, respectively. In another form, a switched mode power converter uses such a switched mode power supply controller with an inductive element, switch, and feedback circuit.

Abstract: A power converter has a power transistor and inductor coupled in a conduction path with the power transistor. A switching frequency of the power transistor is reduced during a light load condition. A pulse width of a drive signal to the power transistor is controlled to select a current through the inductor and power transistor corresponding to the switching frequency to maintain a fixed output power of the power converter, and further to vary the current through the inductor and power transistor to maintain the fixed output power of the power converter over a range of switching frequencies. A first number of pulses of the drive signal to the power transistor during a first time period sets the fixed output power of the power converter. No pulses of the drive signal are provided during a second time period after the first time period.

Abstract: An ACF power converter uses a soft start operation to reduce overheating and stress on components. The power converter includes a first transistor and second transistor. A high side driver controls the first transistor, and low side driver controls the second transistor. A first operating potential is provided to the low side driver during a first period of time. The second transistor switches based on an oscillator signal having a first rate of frequency change to generate a second operating potential for the high side driver, while attempting to hold the first transistor in the non-conductive state during a second time period. The first and second transistors switch based on the oscillator signal having a second rate of frequency change during a third time period. The power converter is held in ACF mode and inhibited from changing state for a period of time post soft start.

Abstract: A method for reducing a temperature rise of a magnetic material is provided. The method includes applying force to the magnetic material to reduce a dimensional change of the magnetic material during a first part of an operation cycle, such as due to magnetostriction. The force is removed from the magnetic material during a second part of an operation cycle, allowing magnetostrictive dimensional changes to occur.